Iraqi Revolt

You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Arabic. (November 2018) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the Arabic article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Arabic Wikipedia article at [[:ar:ثورة_العشرين]]; see its history for attribution. You may also add the template {{Translated|ar|ثورة_العشرين}} to the talk page. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

Iraqi Revolt
Date May–October 1920 Location OETA Result British military victory Iraqi political victory[1] Greater autonomy given to Iraq Faysal ibn Husayn installed as King British Mandate for Mesopotamia cancelled[2]
Belligerents
United Kingdom	Iraqi rebels Al-ʽAhd Haras Al-Istiqlal Arab tribesmen Kurdish tribesmen
Commanders and leaders
Sir Arnold Wilson Clive Kirkpatrick Daly Gerard Leachman  †	Shaalan Abu al-Jun Muhsin Abu-Tabikh Ja'far Abu al-Timman Muhammad Hasan Abi al-Mahasin Mirza Taqi al-Shirazi Mirza Mahdi al-Shirazi Mehdi Al-Khalissi Mahmud Barzanji Dhari ibn Mahmud Habib al-Khaizaran Omar al-Alwan Other heads of iraqi tribesmen
Strength
120,000 [3][dubious – discuss] (later reinforced with an additional 15,414 men) 63 aircraft[3]	131,000[4]
Casualties and losses
1,000 killed[5] 1,100–1,800 wounded[5] 11 aircraft destroyed[6] 600 Missing[5]	2,050[5]–10,000 killed[6][7]

The Iraqi Revolt began in Baghdad in the summer of 1920 with mass demonstrations by Iraqis, including protests by embittered officers from the old Ottoman Army, against the British who published the new land ownership and the burial taxes at Najaf. The revolt gained momentum when it spread to the largely tribal Shia regions of the middle and lower Euphrates. Sheikh Mehdi Al-Khalissi was a prominent Shia leader of the revolt. Using heavy artillery and aerial bombardment, the uprising was suppressed by the British.^[8]

Sunni and Shia religious communities cooperated during the revolution as well as tribal communities, the urban masses, and many Iraqi officers in Syria.^[9] The objectives of the revolution were independence from British rule and the creation of an Arab government.^[9] The revolt achieved some initial success, but by the end of October 1920, the British had suppressed the revolt, although elements of it dragged on until 1922.