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Italian Social Movement

Italian Social Movement
Movimento Sociale Italiano
AbbreviationMSI
Leaders
Founded26 December 1946
Dissolved27 January 1995
Merger of
  • Italian Movement of Social Unity
  • Front of the Italian[1]
Preceded byRepublican Fascist Party (de facto)
Succeeded by
HeadquartersVia della Scrofa 43, Rome
NewspaperSecolo d'Italia
Youth wing
Membership202,715 (1993)
240,063 (peak, 1963)[2]
Ideology
Political positionFar-right
European affiliation
European Parliament group
Colours  Black
Party flag

The Italian Social Movement (Italian: Movimento Sociale Italiano, MSI) was a neo-fascist political party in Italy.[3][4][5] A far-right party,[6][7][8][9] it presented itself until the 1990s as the defender of Italian fascism's legacy,[10][11] and later moved towards national conservatism.[12] In 1972, the Italian Democratic Party of Monarchist Unity was merged into the MSI and the party's official name was changed to Italian Social Movement – National Right (Italian: Movimento Sociale Italiano – Destra Nazionale, MSI–DN).

Formed in 1946 by supporters of the former dictator Benito Mussolini, most of whom took part in the experience of the Italian Social Republic and the Republican Fascist Party, the MSI became the fourth largest party in Italy by the early 1960s. The party gave informal local and eventually national support to the Christian Democracy party from the late 1940s and through the 1950s, sharing anti-communism. In the early 1960s, the party was pushed to the sidelines of Italian politics, and only gradually started to gain some political recognition in the 1980s. There was internal competition between the party's moderate and radical factions. The radicals led the party in its formative years under Giorgio Almirante, while the moderates gained control in the 1950s and 1960s. Almirante's return as leader in 1969 was characterised by a big tent strategy. In 1987, the reins of the party were taken by Gianfranco Fini, under whom it was transformed in 1995 into National Alliance (AN), a post-fascist party.[13][14] On that occasion a small minority, led by Pino Rauti, disagreed with the new course and formed Tricolour Flame instead. In 2009, AN merged with the then centre-right main party, The People of Freedom (PdL), while Brothers of Italy was founded in 2012 as a right-wing split of the PdL,[15] and ten years later it became the largest party in the country.[16]

  1. ^ "Movimento sociale italiano-Destra nazionale (1972-1995); Msi". Archived from the original on 9 February 2017. Retrieved 7 February 2017.
  2. ^ "Gli iscritti ai principali partiti politici italiani della Prima Repubblica dal 1945 al 1991". Istituto Cattaneo (in Italian). Archived from the original on 10 November 2013. Retrieved 13 August 2011.
  3. ^ Maurizio Cotta; Luca Verzichelli (2007). Political Institutions in Italy. Oxford University Press. p. 38. ISBN 978-0-19-928470-2. Retrieved 17 July 2013.
  4. ^ Newell, James L. (2010). The Politics of Italy: Governance in a Normal Country. Cambridge University Press. p. 27. ISBN 978-0-521-84070-5. Retrieved 24 July 2013.
  5. ^ Slomp, Hans (2011). Europe, a Political Profile: An American Companion to European Politics. ABC-CLIO. p. 407. ISBN 978-0-313-39181-1. Retrieved 27 July 2013.
  6. ^ Baldini, Gianfranco (2001). "Extreme Right Parties in Italy: An Overview" (PDF). Institut für Politikwissenschaft, Universität Mainz. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2022.
  7. ^ Catellani, Patrizia; Milesi, Patrizia; Crescentini, Alberto (2006). "One Root, Different Branches: Identity, Injustice and Schisms". Extreme Right Activists in Europe: Through the Magnifying Glass. Routledge. ISBN 9780415358279.
  8. ^ Ellinas, Antonis A. (2010). The Media and the Far Right in Western Europe: Playing the Nationalist Card. Cambridge University Press. p. 14. ISBN 978-0-521-11695-4.
  9. ^ Davies & Lynch 2002.
  10. ^ Ruzza, Carlo; Fella, Stefano (2009). Re-Inventing the Italian Right: Territorial Politics, Populism and 'Post-Fascism'. Routledge. ISBN 9780415344616. MSI (Movimento Sociale Italiano, Italian Social Movement), which presented itself until the early 1990s as the unashamed guardian of Italy's fascist legacy.
  11. ^ Newell, James L.; Ceccarini, Luigi (2019). "Introduction: The Paradoxical Election". In Newell, James L.; Ceccarini, Luigi (eds.). The Italian General Election of 2018: Italy in Uncharted Territory. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 4. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-13617-8_1. ISBN 978-3-030-13617-8. S2CID 159107106.
  12. ^ Doidge, Mark (2015). "Glossary". Football Italia: Italian Football in an Age of Globalization. Bloomsbury. p. 207. ISBN 978-1-47-251920-7.
  13. ^ Stanley G. Payne, ed. (1995). A History of Fascism, 1914–1945. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 508. ISBN 978-1-85-728595-6.
  14. ^ Payne, Stanley G. (1 January 2022). "Antifascist after Fascism". First Things (January 2022). Retrieved 28 September 2022. The Movimento Sociale Italiano, a significant minority party, once seemed the best candidate for neofascism, but moderated and mutated continuously to win votes. By the 1990s it had morphed into the Alleanza Nazionale, a relatively standard and anodyne center-right parliamentary group.
  15. ^ Roberts, Hannah (3 August 2022). "Italy confronts its fascist past as the right prepares for power". Politico. Retrieved 11 August 2022.
  16. ^ Winfield, Nicole (26 September 2022). "How a party of neo-fascist roots won big in Italy". AP News. Associated Press. Retrieved 30 September 2022.

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