Italian resistance movement

Italian resistance movement
Resistenza italiana (Italian)
Flag of the National Liberation Committee and some members of the Italian resistance in Ossola, 1944
Leaders	Ivanoe Bonomi Alcide De Gasperi Pietro Nenni Palmiro Togliatti Ugo La Malfa Ferruccio Parri
Dates of operation	8 September 1943 – 25 April 1945
Motives	Liberation of Italy from Nazism and Fascism
Headquarters	Rome
Active regions	Kingdom of Italy
Ideology	Patriotism Anti-fascism Anti-nazism Communism Socialism Anarchism Republicanism Liberalism Liberal socialism Christian democracy Catholic anti-Nazism Catholic anti-fascism Catholic socialism Social liberalism Social democracy Monarchism
Allies	Kingdom of Italy Allies
Opponents	Nazi Germany Italian Social Republic
Battles and wars	Italian Civil War

The Italian resistance movement (Italian: Resistenza italiana, pronounced [resisˈtɛntsa itaˈljaːna], or simply La Resistenza) is an umbrella term for the Italian resistance groups who fought the occupying forces of Nazi Germany and the fascist collaborationists of the Italian Social Republic during the Second World War in Italy from 1943 to 1945. As a diverse anti-fascist movement and organisation, the Resistenza opposed Nazi Germany, as well as Nazi Germany's Italian puppet state regime, the Italian Social Republic, which the Germans created following the Nazi German invasion and military occupation of Italy by the Wehrmacht and the Waffen-SS from 8 September 1943 until 25 April 1945.

General underground Italian opposition to the Fascist Italian government existed even before World War II, but open and armed resistance followed the German invasion of Italy on 8 September 1943: in Nazi-occupied Italy, the Italian Resistance fighters, known as the partigiani (partisans), fought a guerra di liberazione nazionale ('national liberation war') against the invading German forces; in this context, the anti-fascist partigiani of the Italian Resistance also simultaneously participated in the Italian Civil War, fighting against the Italian Fascists of the collaborationist Italian Social Republic.

The Resistance was a diverse coalition of various Italian political parties, independent resistance fighters and soldiers, and partisan brigades and militias. The modern Italian Republic was declared to be founded on the struggle of the Resistance: the Constituent Assembly was mostly composed of representatives of the parties that had given life to the Italian Resistance's National Liberation Committee. These former Italian Resistance fighters wrote the Constitution of Italy at the end of the war based on a compromissory synthesis of their Resistance parties' respective principles of democracy and anti-fascism.^[1]