Jewish deicide

Jewish deicide is the notion that the Jews as a people are collectively responsible for the killing of Jesus, even through the successive generations following his death.^[1]^[2] A Biblical justification for the charge of Jewish deicide is derived from Matthew 27:24–25.

The notion arose in early Christianity, the charge having been made by Justin Martyr and Melito of Sardis as early as the 2nd century.^[3] The accusation that the Jews were Christ-killers fed Christian antisemitism^[4] and spurred on acts of violence against Jews such as pogroms, massacres of Jews during the Crusades, expulsions of the Jews from England, France, Spain, Portugal and other places, and torture during the Spanish and Portuguese Inquisitions.

In the catechism that was produced by the Council of Trent in the mid-16th century, the Catholic Church taught the belief that the collectivity of sinful humanity was responsible for the death of Jesus, not only the Jews.^[5] If one were to claim that only the Jews were responsible for Jesus' death, the logical corollary to this would be that Jesus' redemptive suffering, death and resurrection was for the sins of Jews alone and not all of humanity, as is taught by the Church. In the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965), the Catholic Church under Pope Paul VI issued the declaration Nostra aetate that repudiated the idea of a collective, multigenerational Jewish guilt for the crucifixion of Jesus. It declared that the accusation could not be made "against all the Jews, without distinction, then alive, nor against the Jews of today".^[1]

Most other churches do not have any binding position on the matter, but some Christian denominations^[which?] have issued declarations against the accusation.^[6]^[7]^[8]

^ ^a ^b Cite error: The named reference nostra was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Greenspoon, Leonard; Hamm, Dennis; Le Beau, Bryan F. (1 November 2000). The Historical Jesus Through Catholic and Jewish Eyes. A&C Black. p. 78. ISBN 978-1-56338-322-9.
^ Louis H. Feldman (1996), Studies in Hellenistic Judaism, Brill, ISBN 978-9-004-10418-1 pp.309 ff.
^ Rainer Kampling, "Deicide", in Richard S. Levy, ed. (2005), Antisemitism: A Historical Encyclopedia of Prejudice and Persecution, Vol. 1, ABC-CLIO, ISBN 978-1-851-09439-4 pp. 168–169
^ Norman C. Tobias (2017), Jewish Conscience of the Church: Jules Isaac and the Second Vatican Council, Springer, p.115.
^ "Deicide and the Jews".
^ Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (November 16, 1998). "Guidelines for Lutheran–Jewish Relations".
^ World Council of Churches (July 1999). "Guidelines for Lutheran–Jewish Relations". In Current Dialogue, Issue 33.

[nostra-1] Cite error: The named reference nostra was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[GreenspoonHamm2000-2] Greenspoon, Leonard; Hamm, Dennis; Le Beau, Bryan F. (1 November 2000). The Historical Jesus Through Catholic and Jewish Eyes. A&C Black. p. 78. ISBN 978-1-56338-322-9.

[3] Louis H. Feldman (1996), Studies in Hellenistic Judaism, Brill, ISBN 978-9-004-10418-1 pp.309 ff.

[4] Rainer Kampling, "Deicide", in Richard S. Levy, ed. (2005), Antisemitism: A Historical Encyclopedia of Prejudice and Persecution, Vol. 1, ABC-CLIO, ISBN 978-1-851-09439-4 pp. 168–169

[5] Norman C. Tobias (2017), Jewish Conscience of the Church: Jules Isaac and the Second Vatican Council, Springer, p.115.

[6] "Deicide and the Jews".

[lut1-7] Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (November 16, 1998). "Guidelines for Lutheran–Jewish Relations".

[lut2-8] World Council of Churches (July 1999). "Guidelines for Lutheran–Jewish Relations". In Current Dialogue, Issue 33.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]