Ma Zhanshan

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Ma Zhanshan 馬占山
General Ma Zhanshan
Minister of Defense of Manchukuo
In office 9 March 1932 – 7 April 1932
Preceded by	Position established
Succeeded by	Zhang Jinghui
Governor of Heilongjiang
In office 1940[1]–1945
In office 20 October 1931[2] – 1933
Preceded by	Wan Fu-lin
Personal details
Born	(1885-11-30)30 November 1885 Huaide (Gongzhuling), Jilin
Died	29 November 1950(1950-11-29) (aged 64) Beijing
Political party	Kuomintang
Military service
Allegiance	China  Manchukuo (1932)
Branch/service	Northeastern Army Manchukuo Imperial Army (1932) Northeast Anti-Japanese National Salvation Army National Revolutionary Army
Years of service	1913–1950
Rank	General
Commands	General in the National Revolutionary Army
Battles/wars	Mukden Incident, Pacification of Manchukuo, Second Sino-Japanese War

Ma Zhanshan^[a] (November 30, 1885 – November 29, 1950)^[3] was a Chinese general famous for resisting the Japanese invasion of Manchuria. Ma was placed in charge of the Northeastern Army in Heilongjiang Province during the invasion and ignored orders from the central government not to resist the Japanese. He became a national hero in China by fighting the unsuccessful but highly symbolic Jiangqiao campaign against the Kwantung Army's advance into Heilongjiang. After his defeat, he feigned defection to the Japanese and was appointed Minister of War in the new Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo. He then joined and took command of the guerrilla campaign against Japanese occupation, taking with him large amounts of supplies, funds, and military intelligence. Ma Zhanshan rejoined the Northeastern Army after the guerilla movement was largely defeated. He continued to oppose Chiang Kai-shek's policy of non-resistance and supported the Xi'an Incident that forced Chiang to form the Second United Front with the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). He commanded several units in the National Revolutionary Army during the Second Sino-Japanese War while covertly cooperating with the CCP. Ma avoided direct participation in the postwar Chinese Civil War and eventually defected to the Communists, dying a year later in 1950.

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