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Modern warfare is warfare that diverges notably from previous military concepts, methods, and technology, emphasizing how combatants must modernize to preserve their battle worthiness.^[1] As such, it is an evolving subject, seen differently in different times and places. In its narrowest sense, it is merely a synonym for contemporary warfare.

In its widest sense, it includes all warfare since the "gunpowder revolution" that marks the start of early modern warfare, but other landmark military developments have been used instead, including the emphasis of artillery marked by the Crimean War, the military reliance on railways beginning with the American Civil War, the launch of the first dreadnought in 1905, or the use of the machine gun, aircraft, tank, or radio in World War I.^[2] In other senses, it is tied to the introduction of total war, industrial warfare, mechanized warfare, nuclear warfare,^[3] counter-insurgency,^[4] or (more recently) the rise of asymmetric warfare also known as fourth-generation warfare.^[5]

^ Creveld, Martin Van (2000). "Technology and War I:To 1945". In Charles Townshend (ed.). The Oxford History of Modern War. New York, USA: Oxford University Press. pp. 206. ISBN 978-0-19-285373-8.
^ English, Richard (2013). Modern war : a very short introduction (First ed.). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. pp. 7–9. ISBN 978-0199607891.
^ Creveld, Martin Van. "Technology and War II:Postmodern War?". In Charles Townshend (ed.). The Oxford History of Modern War. p. 349.
^ Trinquier, Roger (1964). Modern warfare : a French view of counterinsurgency. France: Praeger Security International. pp. 6–9. ISBN 0275992683.
^ Hammes, Thomas X. (2006). The sling and the stone : on war in the 21st century. Zenith Press. pp. 1–4. ISBN 0760324077.