Back Procesu de Reorganización Nacional AST জাতীয় পুনর্গঠন প্রক্রিয়া Bengali/Bangla Procés de Reorganització Nacional Catalan Jwnta filwrol yr Ariannin (1976–83) Welsh Argentinische Militärdiktatur (1976–1983) German Proceso de Reorganización Nacional Esperanto Proceso de Reorganización Nacional Spanish Berrantolaketa Prozesu Nazionala Basque Dictature militaire en Argentine (1976-1983) French Proceso de Reorganización Nacional Galician
Argentine Republic República Argentina | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1976–1983 | |||||||||
| Anthem: Himno Nacional Argentino | |||||||||
 Map of Argentina showing undisputed territory in dark green, and territorial claims in light green. | |||||||||
| Capital | Buenos Aires | ||||||||
| Common languages | Spanish | ||||||||
| Religion | Roman Catholicism | ||||||||
| Government | Federal presidential republic under a military dictatorship | ||||||||
| President of Argentina | |||||||||
• 1976–81 | Jorge Rafael Videla | ||||||||
• 1981 | Roberto Eduardo Viola | ||||||||
• 1981–82 | Leopoldo Galtieri | ||||||||
• 1982–83 | Reynaldo Bignone | ||||||||
| Historical era | Cold War | ||||||||
| 24 March 1976 | |||||||||
| 2 April – 14 June 1982 | |||||||||
| 30 October 1983 | |||||||||
| Population | |||||||||
• 1975 | 25,865,776 | ||||||||
• 1980 | 27,949,480 | ||||||||
| HDI (1980) | 0.665[1] medium | ||||||||
| Currency | Argentine peso (1975–90) | ||||||||
| ISO 3166 code | AR | ||||||||
| |||||||||
The National Reorganization Process (Spanish: Proceso de Reorganización Nacional, often simply el Proceso, "the Process") was the military dictatorship that ruled Argentina from 1976 to 1983, which received support from the United States until 1982. In Argentina it is often known simply as the última junta militar ("last military junta"), última dictadura militar ("last military dictatorship") or última dictadura cívico-militar ("last civil–military dictatorship"), because there have been several in the country's history[2] and no others since it ended.
The Argentine Armed Forces seized political power during the March 1976 coup against the presidency of neutralist (non-Communist or non-Democratic) Isabel Perón, the successor and widow of former President Juan Perón, at a time of growing economic and political instability. Congress and democracy were suspended, political parties were banned, civil rights were limited, and free market and deregulation policies were introduced. The President of Argentina and his ministers were appointed from military personnel while Peronists and leftists were persecuted. The junta launched the Dirty War, a campaign of state terrorism against opponents involving torture, extrajudicial murder and systematic forced disappearances, with most victims being civilians. Public opposition due to civil rights abuses and inability to solve the worsening economic crisis in Argentina caused the junta to invade the Falkland Islands in April 1982. After starting and then losing the Falklands War against the United Kingdom in June, the junta began to collapse and finally relinquished power in 1983 with the election of President Raúl Alfonsín.
Members of the National Reorganization Process were prosecuted in the Trial of the Juntas in 1985, receiving sentences ranging from life imprisonment to court-martials for mishandling the Falklands War. They were pardoned by President Carlos Menem in 1989 but were re-arrested on new charges in the early 2000s. Almost all of the surviving junta members are currently serving sentences for crimes against humanity and genocide. Scholars generally characterize the regime as characteristic of neo-fascism.[3][4][5][6]
- ^ "Human Development Report 2014" (PDF). hdr.undp.org. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 October 2015. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
- ^ "Violence de masse et Résistance – Réseau de recherche". Sciences Po. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 October 2014. Retrieved 5 November 2020.
- ^ Rizki, Cole (1 October 2020). "No State Apparatus Goes to Bed Genocidal Then Wakes Up Democratic". Radical History Review. 2020 (138): 82–107. doi:10.1215/01636545-8359271. ISSN 0163-6545. S2CID 224990803. Archived from the original on 29 August 2022. Retrieved 29 August 2022.
On March 24, 1976, the Argentine military staged a coup d'état and established a fascist dictatorship that perpetrated genocide for seven years.
- ^ "The use of the Nazi-Fascist Discourse by Argentinean Governments". Report on Anti-semitism in Argentina. Social Research Center of DAIA. 2006. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 29 August 2022.
- ^ Gutmann, Matthew C.; Lesser, Jeff (2016). Global Latin America: into the twenty-first century. Oakland, California. ISBN 978-0-520-96594-2. OCLC 943710572. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 29 August 2022.
It was a sacrifice of some questionable lives to preserve the Proceso, the National Process of Reorganization to make Argentina conform to a right-wing fascist version of Catholicism.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Finchelstein, Federico (2014). The ideological origins of the dirty war: fascism, populism, and dictatorship in twentieth century Argentina. Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-993024-1. OCLC 863194632. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 29 August 2022.
The Last Military dictatorship in Argentina (1976–1983) was many things. Outside its concentration camps it presented the facade of a typical authoritarian state. Within them, however, it was fascist.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
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