Back شبم Arabic Fimosis AST فیموسیس AZB Фімоз Byelorussian Фимоза Bulgarian ফাইমোসিস Bengali/Bangla Fimosi Catalan Fimóza Czech Forhudsforsnævring Danish Phimose German
| Phimosis | |
|---|---|
 | |
| An erect penis with a case of phimosis | |
| Pronunciation | |
| Specialty | Urology |
| Symptoms | Unable to pull the foreskin back past the glans[3] |
| Complications | Balanitis,[3] penile cancer [citation needed], urinary retention |
| Usual onset | Normal at birth[3] |
| Duration | Typically resolves by 18 years old[4] |
| Causes | Normal, balanitis, balanitis xerotica obliterans[5] |
| Risk factors | Diaper rash, poor cleaning, diabetes[6] |
| Differential diagnosis | Hair tourniquet, lymphedema of the penis[6] |
| Prevention | Steroid cream, stretching exercises, circumcision[7] |
| Frequency | 1%–2% (in uncircumcised males 18 years or older)[8][4] |
Phimosis (from Greek φίμωσις phimōsis 'muzzling'[9][10][11]) is a condition in which the foreskin of the penis cannot stretch to allow it to be pulled back past the glans.[3] A balloon-like swelling under the foreskin may occur with urination.[3] In teenagers and adults, it may result in pain during an erection, but is otherwise not painful.[3] Those affected are at greater risk of inflammation of the glans, known as balanitis, and other complications.[3]
In young boys, it is normal not to be able to pull back the foreskin at all.[7] Over 90% of cases resolve by the age of seven, although full retraction is still prevented by preputial adhesions in over half at this age.[5][7] Occasionally, phimosis may be caused by an underlying condition such as scarring due to balanitis or balanitis xerotica obliterans.[5] This can typically be diagnosed by seeing scarring of the opening of the foreskin.[5]
Typically, the condition resolves without treatment by the age of 18.[4] Efforts to pull back the foreskin during the early years of a young male's life should not be attempted.[7] For those in whom the condition does not improve further, time can be given or a steroid cream may be used to attempt to loosen the tight skin.[7] If this method, combined with stretching exercises, is not effective, then other treatments such as circumcision may be recommended.[7] A potential complication of phimosis is paraphimosis, where the tight foreskin becomes trapped behind the glans.[5]
- ^ OED 2nd edition, 1989 as /faɪˈməʊsɪs/.
- ^ Entry "phimosis" in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary Archived 2017-09-22 at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Phimosis". PubMed Health. Archived from the original on 5 November 2017. Retrieved 28 October 2016.
- ^ a b c "Natural Foreskin Retraction in Intact Children and Teens". Peaceful Parenting.
- ^ a b c d e McGregor TB, Pike JG, Leonard MP (March 2007). "Pathologic and physiologic phimosis: approach to the phimotic foreskin". Canadian Family Physician. 53 (3): 445–8. PMC 1949079. PMID 17872680.
- ^ a b Domino FJ, Baldor RA, Golding J (2013). The 5-Minute Clinical Consult 2014. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 138. ISBN 978-1-4511-8850-9.
- ^ a b c d e f "What are the treatment options for phimosis?". PubMed Health. Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care. 7 October 2015. Archived from the original on 5 November 2017. Retrieved 28 October 2016.
- ^ "Phimosis". Doctors Opposing Circumcision. 6 July 2016.
- ^ φίμωσις, φιμός. Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; A Greek–English Lexicon at the Perseus Project.
- ^ Harper D. "phimosis". Online Etymology Dictionary.
- ^ Kirk RH, Winslet MC (2007). Essential General Surgical Operations. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 365. ISBN 978-0-443-10314-8. Archived from the original on 2017-11-05.
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