Poaching

Poaching is the illegal hunting or capturing of wild animals, usually associated with land use rights.^[1]^[2] Poaching was once performed by impoverished peasants for subsistence purposes and to supplement meager diets.^[3] It was set against the hunting privileges of nobility and territorial rulers.^[4]

Since the 1980s, the term "poaching" has also been used to refer to the illegal harvesting of wild plants.^[5]^[6] In agricultural terms, the term 'poaching' is also applied to the loss of soils or grass by the damaging action of feet of livestock, which can affect availability of productive land, water pollution through increased runoff and welfare issues for cattle.^[7] Stealing livestock, as in cattle raiding classifies as theft, not as poaching.^[8]

The United Nations' Sustainable Development Goal 15 enshrines the sustainable use of all wildlife. It targets the taking of action on dealing with poaching and trafficking of protected species of flora and fauna to ensure their availability for present and future generations.^[9]

^ "Poaching". Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary (2nd ed.). New York: Random House. 2002. ISBN 978-0-375-42599-8.
^ "Poaching". World book Encyclopedia. Vol. 15. Springfield: Merriam-Webster, Inc. 2005.
^ "Poaching". Encyclopædia Britannica (15th ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2010. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
^ Krauss, M. (1997). "Die Konfrontation mit dem traditionalen Rechtsverständnis: Raub, Holzdiebstahl, Lebensmitteltumult". Herrschaftspraxis in Bayern und Preussen im 19. Jahrhundert: ein historischer Vergleich (in German). Frankfurt, New York: Campus Verlag. pp. 321–352. ISBN 9783593358499.
^ Power Bratton, S. (1985). "Effects of disturbance by visitors on two woodland orchid species in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA". Biological Conservation. 31 (3): 211–227. Bibcode:1985BCons..31..211P. doi:10.1016/0006-3207(85)90068-0.
^ Muth, R. M.; Bowe, Jr. (1998). "Illegal harvest of renewable natural resources in North America: Toward a typology of the motivations for poaching". Society & Natural Resources. 11 (1): 9–24. Bibcode:1998SNatR..11....9M. doi:10.1080/08941929809381058.
^ Cuttle, S. P. (2008). "Impacts of Pastoral Grazing on Soil Quality". In McDowell, R. W. (ed.). Environmental Impacts of Pasture-based Farming. Centre for Agriculture and Biosciences International. pp. 36–38. ISBN 978-1-84593-411-8. Retrieved 19 February 2016.
^ August, R. (1993). "Cowboys v. Rancheros: The Origins of Western American Livestock Law". Southwestern Historical Quarterly. 96 (4): 457–490.
^ "Goal 15 targets". Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 24 September 2020.

[1] "Poaching". Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary (2nd ed.). New York: Random House. 2002. ISBN 978-0-375-42599-8.

[2] "Poaching". World book Encyclopedia. Vol. 15. Springfield: Merriam-Webster, Inc. 2005.

[Britannica-3] "Poaching". Encyclopædia Britannica (15th ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2010. Retrieved 18 August 2013.

[Krauss1997-4] Krauss, M. (1997). "Die Konfrontation mit dem traditionalen Rechtsverständnis: Raub, Holzdiebstahl, Lebensmitteltumult". Herrschaftspraxis in Bayern und Preussen im 19. Jahrhundert: ein historischer Vergleich (in German). Frankfurt, New York: Campus Verlag. pp. 321–352. ISBN 9783593358499.

[5] Power Bratton, S. (1985). "Effects of disturbance by visitors on two woodland orchid species in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA". Biological Conservation. 31 (3): 211–227. Bibcode:1985BCons..31..211P. doi:10.1016/0006-3207(85)90068-0.

[Muth1998-6] Muth, R. M.; Bowe, Jr. (1998). "Illegal harvest of renewable natural resources in North America: Toward a typology of the motivations for poaching". Society & Natural Resources. 11 (1): 9–24. Bibcode:1998SNatR..11....9M. doi:10.1080/08941929809381058.

[7] Cuttle, S. P. (2008). "Impacts of Pastoral Grazing on Soil Quality". In McDowell, R. W. (ed.). Environmental Impacts of Pasture-based Farming. Centre for Agriculture and Biosciences International. pp. 36–38. ISBN 978-1-84593-411-8. Retrieved 19 February 2016.

[8] August, R. (1993). "Cowboys v. Rancheros: The Origins of Western American Livestock Law". Southwestern Historical Quarterly. 96 (4): 457–490.

[9] "Goal 15 targets". Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 24 September 2020.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]