Second-generation gender bias

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Second-generation gender bias refers to practices that may appear neutral or non-sexist, in that they apply to everyone, but which discriminate against women because they reflect the values of the men who created or developed the setting, usually a workplace.^[1] It is contrasted with first-generation bias, which is deliberate, usually involving intentional exclusion.^[2]

An example of second-generation gender bias is that leaders are expected to be assertive, so that women who act in a more collaborative fashion are not viewed as leaders, but women who do act assertively are often perceived as too aggressive.^[1] This kind of bias, or gender stereotyping, can be entirely unconscious.^[3]