Back Глінкава славацкая народная партыя Byelorussian Глінкава славацкая народная партыя BE-X-OLD Partit Popular Eslovac Catalan Hlinkova slovenská ľudová strana Czech Hlinkas Slowakische Volkspartei German Partido Popular Eslovaco Spanish Parti populaire slovaque French Partito Popolare Slovacco di Hlinka Italian スロバキア人民党 Japanese 슬로바키아 인민당 Korean
Hlinka's Slovak People's Party Hlinkova slovenská ľudová strana | |
|---|---|
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| Abbreviation | HSĽS-SSNJ[1] |
| Founder | Andrej Hlinka |
| Founded | 29 July 1913 |
| Banned | May 1945[2] |
| Split from | Slovak National Party |
| Newspaper | Slovák (1919–45)[3] Slovenská pravda (1936–45) |
| Youth wing | Hlinka Youth |
| Paramilitary wings | Rodobrana,[4] Hlinka Guard[5] |
| Membership |  36,000 (1936 est.) |
| Ideology | Slovak clerical fascism[6][7]
Nástupists (until 1940)[19][20] |
| Political position | Far-right[21] |
| Religion | Roman Catholicism |
| Electoral alliance | Autonomous Bloc (1935) United List (1938)[22] |
| Colours | White Blue Red |
| Slogan | Slovensko Slovákom[23][24] (lit. 'Slovakia belongs to Slovaks') |
| Anthem | "Hey, Slovaks"[25][citation needed] |
| Seats in the Landtag (1938) | 47 / 63 (75%) |
| Party flag | |
_variant_2.svg) Other Flags: | |
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Hlinka's Slovak People's Party (Slovak: Hlinkova slovenská ľudová strana), also known as the Slovak People's Party (Slovenská ľudová strana, SĽS) or the Hlinka Party, was a far-right clerico-fascist political party with a strong Catholic fundamentalist and authoritarian ideology. Its members were often called ľudáci (Ľudáks, singular: ľudák).
The party arose at a time when Slovakia was still part of Austria-Hungary and fought for democratic liberties, the independence and sovereignty of Slovakia, and against the influence of liberalism. After the formation of Czechoslovakia, the party preserved its conservative ideology, opposing Czechoslovakism and demanding Slovak autonomy. In the second half of the 1930s, the rise of totalitarian regimes in Europe and the party's inability to achieve long-term political objectives caused a loss of the party's faith in democratic procedures and saw the party turn towards more radical and extremist ideologies such as fascism.
After a merger with other parties in November 1938, which formed the Hlinka's Slovak People's Party – Party of Slovak National Unity, it became the dominant party of the Slovak Republic. In addition to adopting a totalitarian vision of the state, it included an openly pro-Nazi faction,[17] which dominated Slovak policy between 1940 and 1942. The party chairmen were the Slovak priests Andrej Hlinka (1913–38) and later Jozef Tiso (1939–45), and its main newspapers were the Slovenské ľudové noviny (Slovak People's Newspaper, 1910–30), Slovák (The Slovak, 1919–45) and Slovenská pravda (The Slovak Truth, 1936–45).
- ^ After a merger with other parties in November 1938, the name was changed to Hlinka's Slovak People's Party – Party of Slovak National Unity (Hlinkova slovenská ľudová strana – Strana slovenskej národnej jednoty, short HSĽS-SSNJ).
- ^ The First Slovak Republic ceased to exist de facto on 4 April 1945 when the Red Army captured Bratislava and occupied all of Slovakia. De jure it ceased to exist when the exiled Slovak government capitulated to General Walton Walker leading the XX Corps of the 3rd US Army on 8 May 1945 in the Austrian town of Kremsmünster. In the summer of 1945, the captured former president and members of the former government were handed over to Czechoslovak authorities.
- ^ Another publication was the Slovak People's Newspaper (Slovenské ľudové noviny) which existed from 1910 to 1930.
- ^ (1923–1927)
- ^ (1938–1945)
- ^ Cameron, Rob (March 6, 2016). "Marian Kotleba and the rise of Slovakia's extreme right". BBC News. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
- ^ Lettrich, Jozef (2012). Dejiny novodobého Slovenska. Nadácia Dr. Jozefa Lettricha. p. 285. ISBN 978-80-971152-5-8.
- ^ Genocide and Fascism. Taylor & Francis. 2008. p. 244.
The SLS was an ultranationalist, socially conservative, strongly anticommunist and anti-Semitic (albeit in the rather conventional 'anti-Jewish/Bolshevik' form) Catholic political movement
- ^ Felak, James R. (1994). "At the Price of the Republic": Hlinka's Slovak People's Party, 1929–1938. University of Pittsburgh Press. p. 39. ISBN 9780822937791.
- ^ Stanley G. Payne (1984). Spanish Catholicism: An Historical Overview. Univ of Wisconsin Press. p. xiii. ISBN 978-0-299-09804-9.
- ^ Suppan, Arnold (2004). Catholic People's Parties in East Central Europe: The Bohemian Lands and Slovakia. Vol. 1. Routledge. pp. 178, 187.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - ^ Camus, Jean-Yves (2016). Far-Right Politics in Europe. Harvard University Press. p. 242.
- ^ Trubačík, Josef (2011). Economy of the First Slovak Republic from the Point of View of Contemporary Czech and Slovak Economists (PDF). Masaryk University. p. 81.
- ^ Camus, Jean-Yves (2016). Far-Right Politics in Europe. Harvard University Press. p. 242.
- ^ Davies, Peter (2002). The Routledge Companion to Fascism and the Far Right. Psychology Press. p. 265.
- ^ a b Kamenec 2013, p. 107.
- ^ a b c Baka 2010.
- ^ Kamenec 2013.
- ^ Gromada, Thaddeus V. (1969). "Pilsudski and the Slovak Autonomists". Slavic Review. 28 (3): 445–462. doi:10.2307/2494021. ISSN 0037-6779. JSTOR 2494021.
- ^ Kallis, Aristotle (2008). Genocide and Fascism: The Eliminationist Drive in Fascist Europe. Routledge. p. 246. ISBN 978-1-134-30034-1.
- ^ Before 1938: Right-wing to far-right
- ^ Letz 2006.
- ^ Hegenscheidt-Nozdrovick, Eliska (2012). "Die Slowakei den Slowaken!" Die separatistischen Str"mungen in der Slowakei zwischen 1918 und 1939 (in German). Diplomica Verlag. p. 41. ISBN 978-3-8428-7210-3.
- ^ Other popular slogans include Za Boha a za Národ! ("For God and the Nation!") and Verní sebe, svorne napred! ("Faithful to ourselves, together ahead!").
- ^ Contrary to popular assumption, there was no official state anthem of the clerofascist Slovak Republic (1939–45), though "Hej, Slováci" was used by the ruling party.
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