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Spaniards

For other uses, see Spaniard (disambiguation).

Spaniards
Españoles (Spanish)[a]
Total population
Spain nationals 41,539,400[1]
(for a total population of 47,059,533)

Hundreds of millions of Hispanic Americans of full or partial Spanish ancestry[2][3][4][5][6][7]
Nationals abroad: 2,183,043[8]

Total abroad: 2,654,723,[9] which of them:
840,535 were born in Spain
1,542,809 were born in the country of residence
265,885 others[9]
Regions with significant populations
Spain   41,539,400 (2015)[1]
Diaspora
 Argentina404,111 (92,610 born in Spain)[8][10]
 France303,000 (198,153 born in Spain)[11][12][8][10]
 United States192,766 (48,546 born in Spain)[13][8][10]
 Germany182,631 (61,881 born in Spain)[14][10][15][16]
 United Kingdom181,181 (2020) (including de jure Spanish citizens that were not born in Spain)[17][18]
 Venezuela136,145 (30,167 born in Spain)[19]
 Brazil117,523 (29,848 born in Spain)[8][10]
 Cuba108,858 (2,114 born in Spain)[8][10]
 Mexico108,314 (17,485 born in Spain)[8][10]
  Switzerland103,247 (46,947 born in Spain)[8][10]
 Uruguay63,827 (12,023 born in Spain)[8][10]
 Chile56,104 (9,669 born in Spain)[8][10]
 Belgium53,212 (26,616 born in Spain)[20]
 Ecuador35,616 (13,120 born in Spain)[21]
 Colombia30,683 (8,057 born in Spain)[8][10]
 Peru27,489 (4,028 born in Spain)[22]
 Andorra24,485 (17,771 born in Spain)[8][10]
 Netherlands21,974 (12,406 born in Spain)[8][10]
 Italy20,898 (11,734 born in Spain)[8][10]
 Dominican Republic18,928 (3,622 born in Spain)[10][20]
 Australia18,353 (10,506 born in Spain)[8][10]
 Costa Rica16,482[23]
 Sweden15,390[24]
 Panama12,375[23]
 United Arab Emirates12,000[25]
 Guatemala9,311[26]
 Morocco8,003[10]
 Ireland6,794[27]
 Poland5,000[28]
 Japan3,380[29]
 Philippines3,110[30]
 Honduras~ 1,000 (2009)[31]
 El Salvador2,450[23]
 Russia2,118–45,935[10][32]
 Nicaragua1,826[33]
 Greece1,489[10]
 Czech Republic1,007[10]
Languages
Spanish (see languages)
Religion
Predominantly Catholic Christianity
Minority Irreligion[34][35]
Part of a series on the
Spanish people

Rojigualda (historical Spanish flag)
Regional groups
Other groups
Significant Spanish diaspora
Languages
Other languages
Category
flag Spain portal

Spaniards,[a] or Spanish people, are a Romance nation native to Spain. Within Spain, there are a number of national and regional ethnic identities that reflect the country's complex history, including a number of different languages, both indigenous and local linguistic descendants of the Roman-imposed Latin language, of which Spanish is the largest and the only one that is official throughout the whole country.

Commonly spoken regional languages include, most notably, the sole surviving indigenous language of Iberia, Basque, as well as other Latin-descended Romance languages like Spanish itself, Catalan and Galician. Many populations outside Spain have ancestors who emigrated from Spain and share elements of a Hispanic culture. The most notable of these comprise Hispanic America in the Western Hemisphere.

The Roman Republic conquered Iberia during the 2nd and 1st centuries BC. Hispania, the name given to Iberia by the Romans as a province of their Empire, underwent a process of linguistic and cultural Romanization, and as such, the majority of local languages in Spain today, with the exception of Basque, evolved out of Vulgar Latin which was introduced by the ancient Romans. At the end of the Western Roman Empire, the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe, invaded the Iberian Peninsula and established relatively independent realms in its western provinces, including the Suebi, Alans and Vandals. Eventually, the Visigoths would forcibly integrate all remaining independent territories in the peninsula, including the Byzantine province of Spania, into the Visigothic Kingdom, which more or less unified politically, ecclesiastically, and legally all the former Roman provinces or successor kingdoms of what was then documented as Hispania.

In the early eighth century, the Visigothic Kingdom was conquered by the Umayyad Islamic Caliphate that arrived to the peninsula in the year 711. The Muslim rule in the Iberian Peninsula, termed al-Andalus, soon became autonomous from Baghdad. The handful of small Christian pockets in the north left out of Muslim rule, along the presence of the Carolingian Empire near the Pyrenean range, would eventually lead to the emergence of the Christian kingdoms of León, Castile, Aragon, Portugal and Navarre. Along seven centuries, an intermittent southwards expansion of the latter kingdoms (known in historiography as the Reconquista) took place, culminating with the Christian seizure of the last Muslim polity (the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada) in 1492, the same year Christopher Columbus arrived in the New World. During the centuries after the Reconquista, the Christian kings of Spain persecuted and expelled ethnic and religious minorities such as Jews and Muslims through the Spanish Inquisition.[36]

A process of political conglomeration among the Christian kingdoms also ensued, and the late 15th-century saw the dynastic union of Castile and Aragon under the Catholic Monarchs, generally considered the point of emergence of Spain as a unified country. The Conquest of Navarre occurred in 1512. There was also a period called Iberian Union, the dynastic union of the Kingdom of Portugal and the Spanish Crown; during which, both countries were ruled by the Spanish Habsburg kings between 1580 and 1640.

In the early modern period, Spain had one of the largest empires in history, which was also one of the first global empires, leaving a large cultural and linguistic legacy that includes over 570 million Hispanophones,[37] making Spanish the world's second-most spoken native language, after Mandarin Chinese. During the Golden Age there were also many advancements in the arts, with the rise of renowned painters such as Diego Velázquez. The most famous Spanish literary work, Don Quixote, was also published during the Golden Age of the Spanish Empire.

The population of Spain has become more diverse due to immigration of the late 20th and early 21st centuries. From 2000 to 2010, Spain had among the highest per capita immigration rates in the world and the second-highest absolute net migration in the world (after the United States).[38] The diverse regional and cultural populations mainly include the Castilians, Aragonese, Catalans, Andalusians, Valencians, Balearics, Canarians, Basques and the Galicians among others.


Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).

  1. ^ a b "Official Population Figures of Spain. Population on 1 January 2013". INE Instituto Nacional de Estadística. Archived from the original on 20 October 2013. Retrieved 19 October 2013.
  2. ^ "Mexico – Britannica Online Encyclopedia". Britannica.com. Archived from the original on 3 May 2015. Retrieved 10 July 2010.
  3. ^ US Census Bureau 2014 American Community Survey B03001 1-Year Estimates HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN BY SPECIFIC ORIGIN Archived 12 February 2020 at archive.today retrieved 18 October 2015. Number of people of Hispanic and Latino Origin by specific origin(except people of Brazilian origin).
  4. ^ Resultados Básicos Censo 2011 Archived 13 November 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  5. ^ "Brasil – España". hispanista.com.br. Archived from the original on 14 May 2013. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
  6. ^ "Census of population and homes" (in Spanish). Government of Cuba. 16 September 2002. Archived from the original on 14 April 2011. Retrieved 7 September 2009.
  7. ^ "Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2000, Data Set: Census 2000 Summary File 1 (SF 1) 100-Percent Data". Factfinder.census.gov. Archived from the original on 3 April 2009. Retrieved 14 May 2017.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Explotación estadística del Padrón de Españoles Residentes en el Extranjero a 1 de enero de 2015" (PDF). Ine.es. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 August 2019. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
  9. ^ a b "Estadística del Padrón de Españoles Residentes en el Extranjero (PERE) a 1 de enero de 2021" (PDF). Ine.es. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 November 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t "Padrón de Españoles Residentes en el Extranjero (PERE)". Ine.es. Archived from the original on 14 November 2015. Retrieved 5 December 2015.
  11. ^ "Padrón de españoles residentes en el extranjero. PERE. 1 de enero de 2022" (PDF). ine.es. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 December 2023. Retrieved 4 January 2023.
  12. ^ "Estadística del Padrón de Españoles Residentes en el Extranjero (PERE) a 1 de enero de 2020" (PDF). Ine.es. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 December 2022. Retrieved 1 January 2020.
  13. ^ "Padrón de españoles residentes en el extranjero. PERE. 1 de enero de 2022" (PDF). ine.es. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 December 2023. Retrieved 4 January 2023.
  14. ^ "Padrón de españoles residentes en el extranjero. PERE. 1 de enero de 2022" (PDF). ine.es. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 December 2023. Retrieved 4 January 2023.
  15. ^ [1] Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine 31 December 2014 German Statistical Office. Zensus 2014: Bevölkerung am 31. Dezember 2014 Archived 15 November 2016 at the Wayback Machine
  16. ^ "Ausländer in Deutschland bis 2019: Herkunftsland". De.statista.com. Archived from the original on 30 January 2017. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
  17. ^ "Padrón de españoles residentes en el extranjero. PERE. 1 de enero de 2022" (PDF). ine.es. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 December 2023. Retrieved 4 January 2023.
  18. ^ "Spanish nationals population UK 2021". Statista.com. Archived from the original on 1 December 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
  19. ^ "Padrón de españoles residentes en el extranjero. PERE. 1 de enero de 2022" (PDF). ine.es. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 December 2023. Retrieved 4 January 2023.
  20. ^ a b "Explotación estadística del Padrón de Españoles Residentes en el Extranjero a 1 de enero de 2014" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 February 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2014.
  21. ^ "La nueva emigración de españoles a Ecuador". Politicaexterior.com. 31 March 2016. Archived from the original on 2 January 2022. Retrieved 2 January 2022.
  22. ^ "Padrón de españoles residentes en el extranjero. PERE. 1 de enero de 2022" (PDF). ine.es. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 December 2023. Retrieved 4 January 2023.
  23. ^ a b c "Censo electoral de españoles residentes en el extranjero 2009". Archived from the original on 27 January 2010. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
  24. ^ "Födelseland Och Ursprungsland". Scb.se. Archived from the original on 26 December 2016. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  25. ^ "El número de españoles en Emiratos Árabes Unidos se duplica en sólo un año". www.abc.es (in Spanish). 15 October 2013. Archived from the original on 10 August 2018. Retrieved 10 August 2018.
  26. ^ "Embassy of Spain in Guatemala City, Guatemala profile. Guatemala" (PDF) (in Spanish). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Spain. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 April 2015. Retrieved 17 April 2015.
  27. ^ "CSO Emigration" (PDF). Census Office Ireland. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 November 2012. Retrieved 29 January 2013.
  28. ^ " Immigrant and Emigrant Populations by Country of Origin and Destination Archived 19 March 2022 at the Wayback Machine, Migration Policy Institute
  29. ^ "在留外国人の都道府県別ランキング！Youはどのくらい日本へ？" (in Japanese). 17 May 2023. Retrieved 17 November 2023.
  30. ^ There are 3,110 immigrants from Spain according to INE, 1 January 2012, archived from the original on 3 March 2016, retrieved 13 May 2016
  31. ^ "Oficina del Censo Electoral / Cifras de electores". Ine.es. Archived from the original on 27 January 2010. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  32. ^ "ФМС России". Fms.gov.ru. Archived from the original on 16 March 2015. Retrieved 13 June 2017.
  33. ^ "Embassy of Spain in Managua, Nicaragua profil e Nicaragua" (PDF) (in Spanish). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Spain. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 June 2015. Retrieved 17 April 2015.
  34. ^ "Spain". 6 September 2022. Archived from the original on 27 September 2021. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
  35. ^ Tapiador, Francisco J. (2019). The Geography of Spain: A Complete Synthesis. Springer Nature. ISBN 9783030189075. Catholicism is the nominal religion of most of the Spaniards
  36. ^ Boase, Roger (4 April 2002). "The Muslim Expulsion from Spain". History Today. 52 (4). The majority of those permanently expelled settling in the Maghreb or Barbary Coast, especially in Oran, Tunis, Tlemcen, Tetuán, Rabat and Salé. Many travelled overland to France, but after the assassination of Henry of Navarre by Ravaillac in May 1610, they were forced to emigrate to Italy, Sicily or Constantinople.
  37. ^ "572 millones de personas hablan español, cinco millones más que hace un año, y aumentarán a 754 millones a mediados de siglo". Cervantes.es. Archived from the original on 13 May 2021. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
  38. ^ "Eurostat – Population in Europe in 2005" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 August 2008. Retrieved 24 February 2014.

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