Vivisection

Vivisection (from Latin vivus 'alive', and sectio 'cutting') is surgery conducted for experimental purposes on a living organism, typically animals with a central nervous system, to view living internal structure. The word is, more broadly, used as a pejorative^[1] catch-all term for experimentation on live animals^[2]^[3]^[4] by organizations opposed to animal experimentation,^[5] but the term is rarely used by practising scientists.^[3]^[6] Human vivisection, such as live organ harvesting, has been perpetrated as a form of torture.^{[citation needed]}

^ Donna Yarri (18 August 2005). The Ethics of Animal Experimentation. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780190292829. Archived from the original on 2 November 2021. Retrieved 18 June 2016.
^ "Operation on a living animal for experimental rather than healing purposes; more broadly, all experimentation on live animals". 25 March 2006. Archived from the original on 25 March 2006. Retrieved 13 August 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
^ ^a ^b Tansey, E.M. Review of Vivisection in Historical Perspective by Nicholaas A. Rupke Archived 2015-10-18 at the Wayback Machine, book reviews, National Center for Biotechnology Information, p. 226.
^ Croce, Pietro. Vivisection or Science? An Investigation into Testing Drugs and Safeguarding Health. Zed Books, 1999, and "About Us" Archived 2013-09-21 at the Wayback Machine, British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection.
^ Yarri, Donna. The Ethics of Animal Experimentation: A Critical Analysis and Constructive Christian Proposal Archived 2022-06-20 at the Wayback Machine, Oxford University Press, 2005, p. 163.
^ Paixao, RL; Schramm, FR. Ethics and animal experimentation: what is debated? Ethics and animal experimentation: what is debated? Archived 2011-07-16 at the Wayback Machine Cad. Saúde Pública, Rio de Janeiro, 2007

[1] Donna Yarri (18 August 2005). The Ethics of Animal Experimentation. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780190292829. Archived from the original on 2 November 2021. Retrieved 18 June 2016.

[2] "Operation on a living animal for experimental rather than healing purposes; more broadly, all experimentation on live animals". 25 March 2006. Archived from the original on 25 March 2006. Retrieved 13 August 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)

[Tansey-3] Tansey, E.M. Review of Vivisection in Historical Perspective by Nicholaas A. Rupke Archived 2015-10-18 at the Wayback Machine, book reviews, National Center for Biotechnology Information, p. 226.

[4] Croce, Pietro. Vivisection or Science? An Investigation into Testing Drugs and Safeguarding Health. Zed Books, 1999, and "About Us" Archived 2013-09-21 at the Wayback Machine, British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection.

[Yarri-5] Yarri, Donna. The Ethics of Animal Experimentation: A Critical Analysis and Constructive Christian Proposal Archived 2022-06-20 at the Wayback Machine, Oxford University Press, 2005, p. 163.

[6] Paixao, RL; Schramm, FR. Ethics and animal experimentation: what is debated? Ethics and animal experimentation: what is debated? Archived 2011-07-16 at the Wayback Machine Cad. Saúde Pública, Rio de Janeiro, 2007

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