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Exemption from military service in Israel

Male Haredi Jews who declared that Torah study is their profession were exempt from compulsory military service or served for a considerably shorter period until the law was changed in 2014.[1] Legislation on this has since changed in a way that has been contested by the High Court.[2]

Exemption from military service in Israel is covered by the Israeli Security Service Law, which regulates the process of Israeli military conscription. Per the law, an Israeli citizen who is drafted into the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) may be exempted if an evaluation finds them to meet specific criteria. The IDF's conscription laws only apply to three communities: the Jews, the Druze, and the Circassians.[3] Both men and women are drafted from the Jewish community, whereas only men are drafted from the Druze and Circassian communities.

Grounds for all draftees:

Grounds for male draftees only:

  • Under a special government arrangement (Torato Umanuto) specifically for Haredi Jews (Hebrew: חרדים, romanized: Haredim), male Haredi students who are issued a draft notice may postpone their service by six months; they may also be granted a total exemption from service so long as they remain enrolled at their yeshiva for religious studies, as enshrined in the Tal Law

Grounds for female Jewish draftees only:

  • Marriage, pregnancy, or motherhood, in accordance with §39 of the Security Service Law
  • Religious commitments, including observing dietary and Sabbath travel laws, in accordance with §39 and §40 of the Security Service Law

Additionally, Arab citizens of Israel (who constitute about 21% of the Israeli population) are also exempted from military service. This exemption does not originate via Israeli statutory law, but is instead based on the guidelines of the IDF Human Resource Department, issued under the IDF's discretionary powers pursuant to the law.[3] As a result, Arab Muslims, Arab Christians, and Bedouins are not conscripted,[3] though all of them may still serve voluntarily. Among Israel's non-Druze and non-Circassian minorities, the Bedouin community has been notable for their voluntary contributions to service in the IDF.[7][8]

  1. ^ "BBC News - Israel ends ultra-Orthodox military service exemptions". Bbc.com. 12 March 2014. Retrieved 17 August 2014.
  2. ^ Israel’s Military Exemption for Ultra-Orthodox Is Ruled Unconstitutional, Isabel Kershner, New York Times, Sept. 12, 2017
  3. ^ a b c "About the Law Library | Law Library of Congress | Research Centers | Library of Congress" (PDF). Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. Archived from the original on 15 June 2021. Retrieved 12 November 2023.
  4. ^ פירוט של הקושי בהשגת פטור מטעמי מצפון - מתוך דברי הסבר להצעת חוק שירות ביטחון (תיקון - פטור מטעמי מצפון), התשס"ו-2006 [Details of the difficulty in obtaining an exemption for reasons of conscience - from the explanatory notes in the Defense Service Law (Amendment - an exemption for reasons of conscience), 2006] (in Hebrew). 8 May 2006. Archived from the original on 5 November 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2014.
  5. ^ Felix Frisch (16 June 2003). צה"ל נתן פטור משירות לסרבן מצפון [IDF gave exemption from service to conscientious objector] (in Hebrew). Ynet. Retrieved 12 October 2014.
  6. ^ Roy Cochavi (1 March 2004). סרבן שירות קיבל פטור מטעמי מצפון [conscientious objector received exemption from reasons of conscience] (in Hebrew). News1. Retrieved 12 October 2014.
  7. ^ Fabian, Emanuel. "IDF outreach in south aims to steer young Bedouin away from crime". www.timesofisrael.com. Retrieved 2 September 2023.
  8. ^ "Despite challenges, Bedouin soldiers 'proud to serve' in IDF". Israel Hayom. 6 January 2022. Retrieved 2 September 2023.

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