Fine-tuned universe

The characterization of the universe as finely tuned intends to explain why the known constants of nature, such as the electron charge, the gravitational constant, and the like, have their measured values rather than some other arbitrary values. According to the "fine-tuned universe" hypothesis, if these constants' values were too different from what they are, "life as we know it" could not exist.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] In practice, this hypothesis is formulated in terms of dimensionless physical constants.^[5]

^ Rees, Martin (May 3, 2001). Just Six Numbers: The Deep Forces That Shape The Universe (1st American ed.). New York: Basic Books. p. 4.
^ Gribbin. J and Rees. M, Cosmic Coincidences: Dark Matter, Mankind, and Anthropic Cosmology pp. 7, 269, 1989, ISBN 0-553-34740-3
^ Davis, Paul (2007). Cosmic Jackpot: Why Our Universe Is Just Right for Life. New York: Orion Publications. p. 2. ISBN 978-0-61859226-5.
^ Cite error: The named reference :2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ "Fine-Tuning". The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI), Stanford University. August 22, 2017. Retrieved January 18, 2020.

[:0-1] Rees, Martin (May 3, 2001). Just Six Numbers: The Deep Forces That Shape The Universe (1st American ed.). New York: Basic Books. p. 4.

[:1-2] Gribbin. J and Rees. M, Cosmic Coincidences: Dark Matter, Mankind, and Anthropic Cosmology pp. 7, 269, 1989, ISBN 0-553-34740-3

[3] Davis, Paul (2007). Cosmic Jackpot: Why Our Universe Is Just Right for Life. New York: Orion Publications. p. 2. ISBN 978-0-61859226-5.

[:2-4] Cite error: The named reference :2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[stanford_encylopedia-5] "Fine-Tuning". The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI), Stanford University. August 22, 2017. Retrieved January 18, 2020.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]