Hydrogen atom

Hydrogen atom, ¹H

General
Symbol	1H
Names	hydrogen atom, 1H, H-1, protium
Protons (Z)	1
Neutrons (N)	0
Nuclide data
Natural abundance	99.985%
Half-life (t1/2)	stable
Isotope mass	1.007825 Da
Spin	1/2
Excess energy	7288.969±0.001 keV
Binding energy	0.000±0.0000 keV
Isotopes of hydrogen Complete table of nuclides

A hydrogen atom is an atom of the chemical element hydrogen. The electrically neutral atom contains a single positively charged proton and a single negatively charged electron bound to the nucleus by the Coulomb force. Atomic hydrogen constitutes about 75% of the baryonic mass of the universe.^[1]

In everyday life on Earth, isolated hydrogen atoms (called "atomic hydrogen") are extremely rare. Instead, a hydrogen atom tends to combine with other atoms in compounds, or with another hydrogen atom to form ordinary (diatomic) hydrogen gas, H₂. "Atomic hydrogen" and "hydrogen atom" in ordinary English use have overlapping, yet distinct, meanings. For example, a water molecule contains two hydrogen atoms, but does not contain atomic hydrogen (which would refer to isolated hydrogen atoms).

Atomic spectroscopy shows that there is a discrete infinite set of states in which a hydrogen (or any) atom can exist, contrary to the predictions of classical physics. Attempts to develop a theoretical understanding of the states of the hydrogen atom have been important to the history of quantum mechanics, since all other atoms can be roughly understood by knowing in detail about this simplest atomic structure.