Back Looking Backward: 2000–1887 Afrikaans النظر إلى الماضي Arabic Ein Rückblick aus dem Jahre 2000 auf 1887 German Rigardante Malantaŭen Esperanto Cent ans après ou l'An 2000 French מבט לאחור (ספר) HE Looking Backward ID Guardando indietro, 2000-1887 Italian 뒤를 돌아보면서 Korean Looking Backward Romanian
 Cover of the Ticknor & Co. first edition of Looking Backward, 2000–1887 | |
| Author | Edward Bellamy |
|---|---|
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Utopian novel Science fiction |
| Publisher | • Ticknor & Co. (Jan. 1888) • Houghton Mifflin (Sept. 1889) |
| Media type | Print (hardback) |
| Pages | vii, 470 |
| Followed by | Equality (1897) |
Looking Backward: 2000–1887 is a utopian[1] science fiction novel by the American journalist and writer Edward Bellamy first published in 1888.[2]
The book was translated into several languages, and in short order "sold a million copies."[3]
According to a 2021 essay in The New York Times, "In the 19th-century United States, only Uncle Tom’s Cabin sold more copies in its first years than 'Looking Backward.'"[4] Bellamy's book influenced many intellectuals, and appears by title in many socialist writings of the day. "It is one of the few books ever published that created almost immediately on its appearance a political mass movement."[5]
In the United States alone, over 162 "Bellamy Clubs" sprang up to discuss and propagate the book's ideas.[6] Owing to its commitment to the nationalization of private property and the desire to avoid use of the term "socialism," this political movement came to be known as Nationalism (not to be confused with the political ideology of nationalism).[7] The novel also inspired several utopian communities.
- ^ Edward Rothstein (February 5, 2000). "Paradise Lost: Can Mankind Live Without Its Utopias?". The New York Times. Retrieved August 28, 2022.
- ^ Edward Bellamy in Encyclopedia of science fiction
- ^ Walter Teller (December 31, 1967). "Speaking of Books: Looking Back at 'Looking Backward'". Retrieved August 28, 2022.
- ^ Daniel Immerwahr (July 2, 2021), "The United States used to be a country of dramatic invention and dynamic change. Today, our politics are sclerotic, and our dreams are small. What happened?", The New York Times, retrieved August 29, 2022
- ^ Edward Bellamy, Looking Backward 2000–1887, with a Foreword by Erich Fromm, p. vi. Signet, 1960. ISBN 0-451-52412-8
- ^ Bellamy, Edward (2000). Looking backward: 2000–1887. Signet. p. Introduction. Walter James Miller confirms "more than 162 Bellamy Clubs".
- ^ Edward Bellamy. "What 'Nationalism' Means". The Eclectic Magazine of Foreign Literature (1844–1898); Vol. 52, No. 3 (September 1890); p. 289.
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