Macedonian front

Macedonian front
	Part of the Balkans theatre of World War I
	; From left to right: Allied soldiers from Indochina, France, Senegal, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, Serbia, Greece, and India.
Date	21 October 1915 – 30 September 1918; (2 years, 11 months, 1 week and 2 days)
Location	Macedonia
Result	Allied victory Armistice of Salonica; End of the Balkans theatre;
Belligerents
Central Powers: Bulgaria; Germany; Austria-Hungary; Ottoman Empire (1916–1917);	Allied Powers: France; Serbia; United Kingdom; Greece (from 1917); Italy; Russia (1916–1917); Honorary Russian Legion (from 1917);
Commanders and leaders
Nikola Zhekov; Georgi Todorov; Kliment Boyadzhiev; Dimitar Geshov; Stefan Nerezov; August von Mackensen; Otto von Below; Friedrich von Scholtz; Karl von Pflanzer-Baltin; Abdul Kerim Pasha;	Maurice Sarrail; Adolphe Guillaumat; Louis F. d'Esperey; Petar Bojović; Živojin Mišić; Bryan Mahon; George Milne; Panagiotis Danglis;
Units involved
Army Group Scholtz 11th German Army; 1st Bulgarian Army; 2nd Bulgarian Army; 4th Bulgarian Army; Ottoman XX Corps; Army Group Albania;	Allied Army of the Orient Armée d'Orient; 1st Serbian Army; 2nd Serbian Army; 3rd Serbian Army; British Salonika Army; National Defence Army; 35th Italian division; Russian Expeditionary Force; Italian XVI Corps
Strength
550,000 men; 18,000 men; 1,217 artillery pieces; 2,710 machine guns; 30 aeroplanes; Unknown; 29,000 men (Dec 1916 – May 1917), afterwards 4,300 (until May 1918).;	717,000 men; 2,609 artillery pieces; 2,682 machine guns; 6,434 automatic rifles; 200 aeroplanes;
Casualties and losses
200,000 casualties ; ;	6,700 killed, 15,600 missing and 16,200 wounded; 40,000 casualties; 27,000 casualties; 26,207 casualties; 10,538 casualties; Unknown;

The Macedonian front, also known as the Salonica front (after Thessaloniki), was a military theatre of World War I formed as a result of an attempt by the Allied Powers to aid Serbia, in the autumn of 1915, against the combined attack of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Bulgaria. The expedition came too late and with insufficient force to prevent the fall of Serbia and was complicated by the internal political crisis in Greece (the National Schism). Eventually, a stable front was established, running from the Albanian Adriatic coast to the Struma River, pitting a multinational Allied force against the Bulgarian army, which was at various times bolstered with smaller units from the other Central Powers. The Macedonian front remained stable, despite local actions, until the Allied offensive in September 1918 resulted in Bulgaria capitulating and the liberation of Serbia.

^ Олейников А. Россия-щит Антанты. С предисловием Николая Старикова.-СПб.:Питер, 2016.-336 с.-( серия «Николай Стариков рекомендует прочитать») ISBN 978-5-496-01795-4
^ Korsun 1939, p. 95.
^ Thomas & Babac 2001, pp. 12–13.
^ ^a ^b ^c Richard C. Hall, Balkan Breakthrough: The Battle of Dobro Pole 1918, 2010 – p. 134
^ "Campaigns – Macedonia". Turkeyswar.com. Archived from the original on 2013-12-02. Retrieved 2015-05-19.
^ ^a ^b "Military Casualties-World War-Estimated" Statistics Branch, GS, War Department, 25 February 1924; cited in World War I: People, Politics, and Power, published by Britannica Educational Publishing (2010) p. 219.
^ Until the Armistice of 11 November 1918. Max Schiavon. Le Front d'Orient. Des Dardanelles à la victoire finale. Tallandier. 2014. p. 114, 368.
^ "Reporters: How the Salonica Front led to victory in WWI". www.france24.com. 9 November 2018.
^ Urlanis, Boris (1971). Wars and Population. Moscow: Progress Publishers. pp. 66, 79, 83, 85, 160, 171, 268.
^ Statistics of the Military Effort of the British Empire During the Great War 1914–1920. The War Office. p. 353.
^ T. J. Mitchell and G.M. Smith. "Medical Services: Casualties and Medical Statistics of the Great War." From the "Official History of the Great War." pp. 190–191.
^ Ministero della Difesa: L’Esercito italiano nella Grande Guerra (1915–1918), vol. VII: Le operazioni fuori del territorio nazionale: Albania, Macedonia, Medio Oriente, t. 3° bis: documenti, Rome 1981, Parte Prima, doc. 77, p. 173 and Parte Seconda, doc. 78, p. 351; Mortara, La salute pubblica in Italia 1925, p. 37.

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[1] Олейников А. Россия-щит Антанты. С предисловием Николая Старикова.-СПб.:Питер, 2016.-336 с.-( серия «Николай Стариков рекомендует прочитать») ISBN 978-5-496-01795-4

[FOOTNOTEKorsun193995-2] Korsun 1939, p. 95.

[FOOTNOTEThomasBabac200112–13-4] Thomas & Babac 2001, pp. 12–13.

[Hall-1-6] Richard C. Hall, Balkan Breakthrough: The Battle of Dobro Pole 1918, 2010 – p. 134

[turkeyswar.com-7] "Campaigns – Macedonia". Turkeyswar.com. Archived from the original on 2013-12-02. Retrieved 2015-05-19.

[casualties-8] "Military Casualties-World War-Estimated" Statistics Branch, GS, War Department, 25 February 1924; cited in World War I: People, Politics, and Power, published by Britannica Educational Publishing (2010) p. 219.

[10] Until the Armistice of 11 November 1918. Max Schiavon. Le Front d'Orient. Des Dardanelles à la victoire finale. Tallandier. 2014. p. 114, 368.

[11] "Reporters: How the Salonica Front led to victory in WWI". www.france24.com. 9 November 2018.

[12] Urlanis, Boris (1971). Wars and Population. Moscow: Progress Publishers. pp. 66, 79, 83, 85, 160, 171, 268.

[13] Statistics of the Military Effort of the British Empire During the Great War 1914–1920. The War Office. p. 353.

[16] T. J. Mitchell and G.M. Smith. "Medical Services: Casualties and Medical Statistics of the Great War." From the "Official History of the Great War." pp. 190–191.

[18] Ministero della Difesa: L’Esercito italiano nella Grande Guerra (1915–1918), vol. VII: Le operazioni fuori del territorio nazionale: Albania, Macedonia, Medio Oriente, t. 3° bis: documenti, Rome 1981, Parte Prima, doc. 77, p. 173 and Parte Seconda, doc. 78, p. 351; Mortara, La salute pubblica in Italia 1925, p. 37.

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