Iranian traditional medicine

13th century depiction of Rhazes browsing urine samples of patients, in Gerard of Cremona

Iranian traditional medicine (ITM) (Persian: طب سنتی‌ ایرانی, romanized: tebbe sonnati-e irāni), also known as Persian traditional medicine, is one of the most ancient forms of traditional medicine.

ITM is grounded in the concept of four humors: phlegm (Balgham), blood (Dam), yellow bile (Ṣafrā') and black bile (Saudā'). The four humors concept is based on the teachings of Rhazes and Avicenna into an elaborate medical system.

Some scholars believe that efforts for revitalizing ITM in recent years have shaped two main attitudes: evidence-based medicine, and quackery. While many academics use evidence-based scientific measurements (for example, various studies have been conducted and reported on the effect of traditional Persian medicine formulas on the SARS-CoV-2 and these treatments have been studied in various clinical trials in Iran^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]), there is also a pseudoscientific stream in the modern academia.^[6]

^ Karimi, Mehrdad, Azadeh Zarei, Samaneh Soleymani, Saeidreza Jamalimoghadamsiahkali, Asmaa Asadi, Mohsen Shati, Mohieddin Jafari et al. "Efficacy of Persian medicine herbal formulations (capsules and decoction) compared to standard care in patients with COVID‐19, a multicenter open‐labeled, randomized, controlled clinical trial." Phytotherapy Research 35, no. 11 (2021): 6295-6309.
^ Besharati, Mohammad Reza; Izadi, Mohammad; Talebpour, Alireza (2022). "Some natural hypomethylating agents in food, water and environment are against distribution and risks of COVID-19 pandemic: Results of a big-data research". Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine. 12 (3): 309–324. doi:10.22038/ajp.2022.19520. PMC 9482712. PMID 36186929.
^ Siahpoosh, Marzieh Beygom. "How Can Persian Medicine (Traditional Iranian Medicine) Be Effective to Control COVID-19?." Traditional and Integrative Medicine (2020).
^ Bahramsoltani, Roodabeh, and Roja Rahimi. "An evaluation of traditional Persian medicine for the management of SARS-CoV-2." Frontiers in Pharmacology 11 (2020).
^ "IRCT | Evaluating efficacy and safety of Stopcivir (Zataria multiflora Boiss+ Alium Sativum+ Heracleum persicum+ Satureja hortensis+ Dianthus+ Foeniculum vulgare+ opium) syrup on length of hospitalization in patients with COVID-19".
^ Aramesh, Kiarash (July 2018). "Science and Pseudoscience in Traditional Iranian Medicine". Archives of Iranian Medicine. 21 (7). Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences: 315–323. PMID 30041531.

[1] Karimi, Mehrdad, Azadeh Zarei, Samaneh Soleymani, Saeidreza Jamalimoghadamsiahkali, Asmaa Asadi, Mohsen Shati, Mohieddin Jafari et al. "Efficacy of Persian medicine herbal formulations (capsules and decoction) compared to standard care in patients with COVID‐19, a multicenter open‐labeled, randomized, controlled clinical trial." Phytotherapy Research 35, no. 11 (2021): 6295-6309.

[2] Besharati, Mohammad Reza; Izadi, Mohammad; Talebpour, Alireza (2022). "Some natural hypomethylating agents in food, water and environment are against distribution and risks of COVID-19 pandemic: Results of a big-data research". Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine. 12 (3): 309–324. doi:10.22038/ajp.2022.19520. PMC 9482712. PMID 36186929.

[3] Siahpoosh, Marzieh Beygom. "How Can Persian Medicine (Traditional Iranian Medicine) Be Effective to Control COVID-19?." Traditional and Integrative Medicine (2020).

[4] Bahramsoltani, Roodabeh, and Roja Rahimi. "An evaluation of traditional Persian medicine for the management of SARS-CoV-2." Frontiers in Pharmacology 11 (2020).

[5] "IRCT | Evaluating efficacy and safety of Stopcivir (Zataria multiflora Boiss+ Alium Sativum+ Heracleum persicum+ Satureja hortensis+ Dianthus+ Foeniculum vulgare+ opium) syrup on length of hospitalization in patients with COVID-19".

[6] Aramesh, Kiarash (July 2018). "Science and Pseudoscience in Traditional Iranian Medicine". Archives of Iranian Medicine. 21 (7). Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences: 315–323. PMID 30041531.

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