Rupert's Land

Prince Rupert's Land
Territory of British North America
1670–1870
Flag of the Hudson's Bay Company
Map of Rupert's Land, showing the location of York Factory
Government
• Type	Trading company
Monarch
• 1670–1685 (first)	Charles II
• 1837–1870 (last)	Victoria
HBC Governor
• 1670–1682 (first)	Rupert of the Rhine
• 1870 (last)	Stafford Northcote
Historical era	Age of Discovery
• Established	1670
• Disestablished	15 July 1870
Succeeded by Canada
Today part of	Canada  ∟ Alberta  ∟ Manitoba  ∟ Northwest Territories  ∟ Nunavut  ∟ Ontario  ∟ Quebec  ∟ Saskatchewan United States  ∟ Minnesota  ∟ North Dakota  ∟ South Dakota  ∟ Montana

Rupert's Land (French: Terre de Rupert), or Prince Rupert's Land (French: Terre du Prince Rupert), was a territory in British North America which comprised the Hudson Bay drainage basin. The right to "sole trade and commerce" over Rupert's Land was granted to the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC), based at York Factory, effectively giving that company a commercial monopoly over the area. The territory operated for 200 years from 1670 to 1870. Its namesake was Prince Rupert of the Rhine, who was a nephew of King Charles I and the first governor of HBC. In December 1821, the HBC monopoly was extended from Rupert's Land to the Pacific coast.

The areas formerly belonging to Rupert's Land lie mostly within what is today Canada, and included the whole of Manitoba, most of Saskatchewan, southern Alberta, southern Nunavut, and northern parts of Ontario and Quebec. Additionally, it also extended into areas that would eventually become part of Minnesota, North Dakota, and Montana. The southern border west of Lake of the Woods to the Rocky Mountains was the drainage divide between the Mississippi and Red/Saskatchewan watersheds until the Anglo-American Convention of 1818 substituted the 49th parallel.