Chang Hsueh-liang

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Chang Hsueh-liang
張學良
Chang in 1928
Warlord of Manchuria
In office June 4, 1928 – December 26, 1936
Preceded by	Zhang Zuolin
Succeeded by	Office abolished
Personal details
Born	(1901-06-03)June 3, 1901 Tai'an County, Fengtian, Qing Empire
Died	October 15, 2001(2001-10-15) (aged 100) Honolulu County, Hawaii, United States
Resting place	Valley of the Temples Memorial Park, Honolulu County, Hawaii
Nationality	Chinese
Spouses	Yu Feng-chih ​ ​ (m. 1916; div. 1964)​ Edith Chao Chang ​ ​ (m. 1964; died 2000)​
Domestic partner	Gu Ruiyu (1924–1931)
Children	5
Parent	Zhang Zuolin (father)
Relatives	Zhang Xueming (brother)
Awards	Order of Rank and Merit Order of Wen-Hu Order of the Sacred Treasure Order of Blue Sky and White Sun
Nickname	Young Marshal
Military service
Allegiance	Fengtian Clique (until 1928)  Nationalist China (1928–1937)
Branch/service	Fengtian Army  National Revolutionary Army
Rank	General of the Army[citation needed]
Commands	Northeast Peace Preservation Forces
Battles/wars	Sino-Soviet conflict Central Plains War Mukden Incident Battle of Rehe Xi'an Incident

Chang Hsueh-liang (Chinese: 張學良; June 3, 1901^{[note 1]} – October 15, 2001), also romanized as Zhang Xueliang and known later in life as Peter H. L. Chang, was a Chinese warlord who ruled Manchuria from 1928 to 1936 and the commander-in-chief of the Northeastern Army after the assassination of his father, Zhang Zuolin. A reformer who was sympathetic to nationalist ideas, he completed the official reunification of China at the end of the Warlord Era by pledging loyalty to the Nationalist government in Nanjing. He nonetheless retained Manchuria's de facto autonomy until the Empire of Japan invaded and occupied the region in 1931. He was frustrated by Chiang Kai-shek's policy of "first internal pacification, then external resistance" and helped plan and lead the 1936 Xi'an Incident. Northeastern soldiers under Chang's command arrested Chiang to force him to negotiate a Second United Front with the Chinese Communist Party against Japan. Chiang eventually agreed, but upon his release he had Chang arrested and sentenced to 50 years of house arrest, first in mainland China and then in Taiwan. Although never personally a communist, Chang is regarded by the Chinese Communist Party and the People's Republic of China as a patriotic hero for his role in ending the encirclement campaigns and beginning the war of resistance against Japan.^{[1][2][3][4][5]}

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