Equality Act (United States)

Equality Act
Long title	To prohibit discrimination on the basis of sex, gender identity, and sexual orientation, and for other purposes.
Announced in	the 118th United States Congress
Number of co-sponsors	214
Legislative history
	Introduced in the House of Representatives as H.R. 15 by Mark Takano (D–CA) on June 21, 2023; Committee consideration by House Judiciary;

The Equality Act was a bill in the United States Congress, that, if passed, would amend the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (including titles II, III, IV, VI, VII, and IX) to prohibit discrimination on the basis of sex, sexual orientation and gender identity in employment, housing, public accommodations, education, federally funded programs, credit, and jury service.^[1]^[2] The Supreme Court's June 2020 ruling in Bostock v. Clayton County protects gay and transgender people in matters of employment, but not in other respects. The Bostock ruling also covered the Altitude Express and Harris Funeral Homes cases.

The bill would also expand existing civil rights protections for people of color by prohibiting discrimination in more public accommodations, such as exhibitions, goods and services, and transportation.

Much like the Bostock v. Clayton County decision, the Equality Act broadly defines sex discrimination to include sexual orientation and gender identity, adding "pregnancy, childbirth, or a related medical condition of an individual, as well as because of sex-based stereotypes". The intended purpose of the act is to legally protect individuals from discrimination based on such.^[1]

While various similar bills have been proposed since the 1970s, the modern version of the Equality Act was first proposed in the 114th United States Congress. During the 116th Congress, it passed the United States House of Representatives on May 17, 2019, in a bipartisan 236–173 vote.^[3]^[4] However, the United States Senate did not act upon the bill after receiving it; even if they had, then-President Donald Trump signaled that he would have vetoed it.^[5] On February 18, 2021, the act was reintroduced in the 117th Congress. The House passed the act by a vote of 224 to 206 on February 25, 2021, with support from three Republicans. The bill then moved on to the Senate for consideration, but did not overcome a filibuster, and did not advance further.^[6]

^ ^a ^b Cite error: The named reference :12 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ "The Equality Act". Human Rights Campaign. Archived from the original on August 21, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
^ Killough, Ashley (May 17, 2019). "Houses passes Equality Act to increase protections for sexual orientation and gender identity". CNN.
^ "Equality Act, H.R. 5, 116th Congress (2019)". www.congress.gov. May 20, 2019. Retrieved July 30, 2019.
^ "Equality Act, H.R. 5, 116th Congress (2019), as received by the U.S. Senate on May 20, 2019, read twice, and referred to the S. Comm. on the Judiciary" (PDF). www.congress.gov. Retrieved July 30, 2019.
^ Cite error: The named reference :15 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[:12-1] Cite error: The named reference :12 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[hrc-2] "The Equality Act". Human Rights Campaign. Archived from the original on August 21, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2018.

[passed_house-3] Killough, Ashley (May 17, 2019). "Houses passes Equality Act to increase protections for sexual orientation and gender identity". CNN.

[4] "Equality Act, H.R. 5, 116th Congress (2019)". www.congress.gov. May 20, 2019. Retrieved July 30, 2019.

[5] "Equality Act, H.R. 5, 116th Congress (2019), as received by the U.S. Senate on May 20, 2019, read twice, and referred to the S. Comm. on the Judiciary" (PDF). www.congress.gov. Retrieved July 30, 2019.

[:15-6] Cite error: The named reference :15 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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