Internet in Russia

Internet in Russia, or Russian Internet (Russian: российский Интернет, which means "Russia-related Internet"), and sometimes Runet (a portmanteau of "Russian" and "Internet"), is the part of the Internet that is related to Russia. As of 2015^[update], Internet access in Russia is available to businesses and home users in various forms, including dial-up, cable, DSL, FTTH, mobile, wireless and satellite.

As of 2020^[update], 122,488,468 Russians (85% of the country's total population) were Internet users.^[1] As of September 2020^[update], Russia ranked 47th among the world's countries by the fixed broadband Internet access speed, with an average download speed of 75.91 mbit/s, and 88th by mobile network Internet access speed, with 22.83 mbit/s.^[2] According to Freedom House, the Internet in Russia is "Not Free" as of 2019^[update].^[3] In September 2011, Russia overtook Germany on the European market with the highest number of unique visitors online.^[4] In March 2013, a survey found that Russian had become the second-most commonly used language on the web after English.^[5]

Russians are strong users of social networks, of which Odnoklassniki.ru (used by 75% of 25–35-year-old Russians in 2009) and VKontakte are the most popular.^[6] LiveJournal has also been long popular.^[7] Online gaming is widespread.

^ "The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. Retrieved 2018-01-03.
^ "Speedtest Global Index – Monthly comparisons of internet speeds from around the world". Speedtest Global Index. Retrieved 2020-09-19.
^ "The Crisis of Social Media". Freedom House. Retrieved 2020-09-19.
^ "comScore Releases Overview of European Internet Usage in September 2011". comScore. 14 November 2011.
^ "Russian is now the second most used language on the web", Matthias Gelbmann, Web Technology Surveys, W3Techs, 19 March 2013.
^ Alexander Semenov, Alexander Mantzaris, Alexander Nikolaev, Alexander Veremyev, Jari Veijalainen, Eduardo L. Pasiliao, Vladimir Boginski Exploring Social Media Network Landscape of Post-Soviet Space. in IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 411-426, 2019
^ Natalya Krasnoboka, Russia Archived 2018-03-20 at the Wayback Machine, EJC Media Landscapes, circa 2010

[1] "The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. Retrieved 2018-01-03.

[2] "Speedtest Global Index – Monthly comparisons of internet speeds from around the world". Speedtest Global Index. Retrieved 2020-09-19.

[3] "The Crisis of Social Media". Freedom House. Retrieved 2020-09-19.

[4] "comScore Releases Overview of European Internet Usage in September 2011". comScore. 14 November 2011.

[w3techs-March2013-5] "Russian is now the second most used language on the web", Matthias Gelbmann, Web Technology Surveys, W3Techs, 19 March 2013.

[vkstudy-6] Alexander Semenov, Alexander Mantzaris, Alexander Nikolaev, Alexander Veremyev, Jari Veijalainen, Eduardo L. Pasiliao, Vladimir Boginski Exploring Social Media Network Landscape of Post-Soviet Space. in IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 411-426, 2019

[EJC-7] Natalya Krasnoboka, Russia Archived 2018-03-20 at the Wayback Machine, EJC Media Landscapes, circa 2010

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