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Freedom Party of Austria

Freedom Party of Austria
Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs
AbbreviationFPÖ
ChairmanHerbert Kickl
Secretaries-General
Parliamentary leaderHerbert Kickl
FounderAnton Reinthaller
Founded7 April 1956 (1956-04-07)
Preceded byFederation of Independents
HeadquartersTheobaldgasse 19/4
A-1060 Vienna
NewspaperNeue Freie Zeitung
Student wingRing Freiheitlicher Studenten
Youth wingRing Freiheitlicher Jugend
Membership (2017)60,000
Ideology
Political position
European affiliationIdentity and Democracy Party
International affiliation
European Parliament groupIdentity and Democracy
Colours  Blue
Anthem
  • "Immer wieder Österreich"[3]
  • "Always Austria"
National Council
30 / 183
Federal Council
16 / 61
Governorships
0 / 9
State cabinets
3 / 9
State diets
78 / 440
European Parliament
3 / 19
Party flag
Website
fpoe.at
^ A: Before its rightward shift, it was classified as a centre to centre-right party,[4] supporting national liberalism and pan-Germanism from 1956 to 1986.

The Freedom Party of Austria[note 1] (German: Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs, FPÖ) is a national-conservative[6][7][8] and right-wing populist[9][10][11][12][13][14][excessive citations] political party in Austria. It has been led by Herbert Kickl since 2021.[15] It is the third largest of five parties in the National Council, with 30 of the 183 seats, and won 16.2% of votes cast in the 2019 legislative election and it is represented in all nine state legislatures. On a European level, the FPÖ is a founding member of the Identity and Democracy Party and its three MEPs sit with the Identity and Democracy (ID) group.

The FPÖ was founded in 1956 as the successor to the short-lived Federation of Independents (VdU), representing pan-Germanists and national liberals opposed to socialism and Catholic clericalism, represented by the Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ) and the Austrian People's Party (ÖVP), respectively. Its first leader, Anton Reinthaller, was a former Nazi functionary and SS officer, but the FPÖ did not advocate far-right policies and presented itself as a centrist party.[16] The FPÖ was long the third largest in Austria and had modest support. Under the leadership of Norbert Steger in the early 1980s, it sought to style itself on Germany's Free Democratic Party.[17][18][19] The FPÖ gave external support to SPÖ chancellor Bruno Kreisky (SPÖ) after the 1970 election and joined Fred Sinowatz's government, as SPÖ's junior partner, after the 1983 election.

Jörg Haider became leader of the party in 1986, after which it began an ideological turn towards right-wing populism. This resulted in a strong surge in electoral support, but also led the SPÖ to break ties, and a splinter in the form of the Liberal Forum in 1993. In the 1999 election, the FPÖ won 26.9% of the vote, becoming the second most popular party, ahead of the ÖVP by around 500 votes. The two parties eventually reached a coalition agreement in which ÖVP retained the office of chancellor. The FPÖ soon lost most of its popularity, falling to 10% in the 2002 election, but remained in government as junior partner. Internal tensions led Haider and much of the party leadership to leave in 2005, forming the Alliance for the Future of Austria (BZÖ), which replaced the FPÖ as governing partner. Heinz-Christian Strache then became leader, and the party gradually regained its popularity, peaking at 26.0% in the 2017 election. The FPÖ once again became junior partner in government with the ÖVP. In May 2019, the Ibiza affair led to the collapse of the government and the resignation of Strache from both the offices of vice-chancellor and party leader.[20] The resulting snap election saw the FPÖ fall to 16.2% and return to opposition.[21][22]

  1. ^
    •  • Van Gilder Cooke, Sonia (29 July 2011), "Austria – Europe's Right Wing: A Nation-by-Nation Guide to Political Parties and Extremist Groups", Time, archived from the original on 30 July 2011, retrieved 16 February 2012
    •  • Meyer-Feist, Andreas (14 February 2012), "Austrian villagers quash plans for Buddhist temple", DW, retrieved 16 February 2012
    •  • Freedom Party leader may face hate speech charges. The Local (Austria edition). Published 19 October 2016. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
  2. ^
    •  • Hainsworth, Paul (2008), The Extreme Right in Western Europe, Routledge, pp. 38–39
    •  • Art, David (2011), Inside the Radical Right: The Development of Anti-Immigrant Parties in Western Europe, Cambridge University Press, pp. 106–107
    •  • Wodak, Ruth; De Cillia, Rudolf; Reisigl, Martin (2009), The Discursive Construction of National Identity (2nd ed.), Edinburgh University Press, p. 195
    •  • Hale Williams, Michelle (2012), "Downside after the summit: factors in extreme-right party decline in France and Austria", Mapping the Extreme Right in Contemporary Europe: From Local to Transnational, Routledge, p. 260
    •  • Cauquelin, Blaise (30 November 2016). "l'extrême droite près du pouvoir en Autriche". Le Monde (in French). Retrieved 4 April 2019.
  3. ^ "FPÖ feiert mit "vielleicht neuer Bundeshymne"". Kleine Zeitung (in German). 2 September 2015. Retrieved 11 February 2022.
  4. ^ Ó Maoláin, Ciarán (1988). Political Parties of the World. Longman. p. 31.
  5. ^ "Freedom Party of Austria". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 9 July 2011.
  6. ^ "Anti-Islamisierungs-Kongress: Mit dem Ausflugsdampfer gegen den Islam - WELT". 17 November 2011.
  7. ^ Gerard Braunthal (2009). Right-Wing Extremism in Contemporary Germany. Palgrave Macmillan UK. p. 158. ISBN 978-0-230-25116-8.
  8. ^ Nordsieck, Wolfram (2017). "Austria". Parties and Elections in Europe.
  9. ^ Kriesi, Hanspeter (26 July 2012). Political Conflict in Western Europe. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-02438-0.
  10. ^ Jäger, Johannes; Springler, Elisabeth (10 April 2015). Asymmetric Crisis in Europe and Possible Futures: Critical Political Economy and Post-Keynesian Perspectives. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-65298-4.
  11. ^ Martin Dolezal; Swen Hutter; Bruno Wüest (2012). "Exploring the new cleavage in across arenas and public debates: designs and methods". In Edgar Grande; Martin Dolezal; Marc Helbling; et al. (eds.). Political Conflict in Western Europe. Cambridge University Press. p. 52. ISBN 978-1-107-02438-0. Retrieved 19 July 2013.
  12. ^ Hans-Jürgen Bieling (2015). "Uneven development and 'European crisis constitutionalism', or the reasons for and conditions of a 'passive revolution in trouble'". In Johannes Jäger; Elisabeth Springler (eds.). Asymmetric Crisis in Europe and Possible Futures: Critical Political Economy and Post-Keynesian Perspectives. Routledge. p. 110. ISBN 978-1-317-65298-4.
  13. ^ Zaslove, Andrej (July 2008). "Exclusion, community, and a populist political economy: the radical right as an anti-globalization movement". Comparative European Politics. 6 (2): 169–189. doi:10.1057/palgrave.cep.6110126. S2CID 144465005.
  14. ^ Peters, Freia; Frigelj, Kristian (19 September 2008). "Mit dem Ausflugsdampfer gegen den Islam". Die Welt (in German). Retrieved 14 August 2011.
  15. ^ "Kickl elected to lead Austria's far-right party – DW – 06/20/2021". dw.com. Retrieved 23 May 2023.
  16. ^ Cite error: The named reference lh10 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  17. ^ Meret 2010, p. 186.
  18. ^ Campbell 1995, p. 184.
  19. ^ Bischof, Günter; Plasser, Fritz (2008). The changing Austrian voter. Transaction Publishers. pp. 105–106. ISBN 978-1-4128-0751-7.
  20. ^ "Heinz-Christian Strache: FPÖ-Chef tritt nach Skandal-Video zurück". Der Spiegel (in German). 18 May 2019. ISSN 2195-1349. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
  21. ^ "Austria conservatives win most votes in snap election while far right suffer losses". The Local Austria. 29 September 2019. Retrieved 3 October 2019.
  22. ^ Sarah Dean and Ivana Kottasová (29 September 2019). "One of the world's youngest leaders returns in Austria after scandal brought his government down". CNN. Retrieved 4 October 2019.


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