Toponymy

Toponymy, toponymics, or toponomastics is the study of toponyms (proper names of places, also known as place names and geographic names), including their origins, meanings, usage and types.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] Toponym is the general term for a proper name of any geographical feature,^[5] and full scope of the term also includes proper names of all cosmographical features.^[6]

In a more specific sense, the term toponymy refers to an inventory of toponyms, while the discipline researching such names is referred to as toponymics or toponomastics.^[7] Toponymy is a branch of onomastics, the study of proper names of all kinds.^[8] A person who studies toponymy is called toponymist.^[1]

^ ^a ^b Perono Cacciafoco, Francesco; Cavallaro, Francesco Paolo (March 2023). Place Names: Approaches and Perspectives in Toponymy and Toponomastics. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781108780384.
^ Wyrwas, Katarzyna. 5 December 2004. § "Czy nauka zajmująca się nazewnictwem miast to onomastyka? Według jakich kategorii dzieli się pochodzenie nazw? Archived 9 August 2020 at the Wayback Machine [Is science dealing with city names an onomastics? What categories does the origin of names fall into?]." Poradniki Językowe. Katowice, PL: Uniwersytetu Śląskiego w Katowicach.
^ Českʹy jazyk a literatura (in Czech), vol. 11, Státní pedagogické nakl., 1961, p. 176
^ Ormeling, F. J. Sr. (16–18 October 1989). "Terms used in geographical names standardization". In Tichelaar, T. R. (ed.). Proceedings of the Workshop on Toponymy held in Cipanas, Indonesia. Cibinong: Bakosurtanal.
^ United Nations Conference on the Standardization of Geographical Names, London, 10–31 May 1972. New York: United Nations Dept. of Economic and Social Affairs. 1974. p. 68.
^ Room 1996, p. 13, 23, 27, 62, 80.
^ Marulić (in Croatian), vol. 35, Hrvatsko književno društvo sv. Ćirila i Metoda, 2002, p. 1183
^ Tent, Jan (2015). "Approaches to Research in Toponymy". Names. 63 (2): 65–74. doi:10.1179/0027773814Z.000000000103. S2CID 144115142.

[Toponymy-1] Perono Cacciafoco, Francesco; Cavallaro, Francesco Paolo (March 2023). Place Names: Approaches and Perspectives in Toponymy and Toponomastics. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781108780384.

[2] Wyrwas, Katarzyna. 5 December 2004. § "Czy nauka zajmująca się nazewnictwem miast to onomastyka? Według jakich kategorii dzieli się pochodzenie nazw? Archived 9 August 2020 at the Wayback Machine [Is science dealing with city names an onomastics? What categories does the origin of names fall into?]." Poradniki Językowe. Katowice, PL: Uniwersytetu Śląskiego w Katowicach.

[3] Českʹy jazyk a literatura (in Czech), vol. 11, Státní pedagogické nakl., 1961, p. 176

[4] Ormeling, F. J. Sr. (16–18 October 1989). "Terms used in geographical names standardization". In Tichelaar, T. R. (ed.). Proceedings of the Workshop on Toponymy held in Cipanas, Indonesia. Cibinong: Bakosurtanal.

[5] United Nations Conference on the Standardization of Geographical Names, London, 10–31 May 1972. New York: United Nations Dept. of Economic and Social Affairs. 1974. p. 68.

[FOOTNOTERoom199613,_23,_27,_62,_80-6] Room 1996, p. 13, 23, 27, 62, 80.

[7] Marulić (in Croatian), vol. 35, Hrvatsko književno društvo sv. Ćirila i Metoda, 2002, p. 1183

[8] Tent, Jan (2015). "Approaches to Research in Toponymy". Names. 63 (2): 65–74. doi:10.1179/0027773814Z.000000000103. S2CID 144115142.

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