Basarab I of Wallachia

Basarab I the Founder
Basarab I (fresco in Argeș)
Voivode of Wallachia from c. 1344 with Nicolae Alexandru
Reign	c. 1310/between 1304 and 1324 – 1351/1352
Predecessor	Radu Negru or Thocomerius
Successor	Nicholas Alexander of Wallachia
Died	1351 or 1352
Spouse	Doamna Marghita (Margarete)
Issue	Nicholas Alexander of Wallachia Theodora of Wallachia
Dynasty	Basarab
Father	Radu Negru, or Thocomerius
Religion	Christian

Basarab I (Romanian: [basaˈrab] ^ⓘ), also known as Basarab the Founder (Romanian: Basarab Întemeietorul; c. 1270 – 1351/1352), was a voivode and later the first independent ruler of Wallachia who lived in the first half of the 14th century. Many details of his life are uncertain. Although his name is of Turkic origin, 14th-century sources unanimously state that he was a Vlach (Romanian). According to two popular theories, Basarab either came into power between 1304 and 1324 by dethroning or peacefully succeeding the legendary founder of Wallachia, Radu Negru, or in 1310 by succeeding his father, Thocomerius.

A royal charter issued on 26 July 1324 is the first document to reference Basarab. According to the charter, he was subject to Charles I of Hungary as the voivode of Wallachia. Basarab became "disloyal to the Holy Crown of Hungary" in 1325. He seized the Banate of Severin and raided the southern regions of the Kingdom of Hungary. Basarab supported Michael Shishman of Bulgaria's attack against the Kingdom of Serbia, but their united armies were defeated in the Battle of Velbazhd on 28 July 1330. Soon after, Charles I of Hungary invaded Wallachia, but the Wallachians ambushed and almost annihilated the royal troops in the Battle of Posada, which occurred between 9 and 12 November 1330.

The Battle of Posada ended Hungarian suzerainty in Wallachia, and the first independent Romanian principality was consequently founded. Basarab's descendants ruled Wallachia for at least two centuries. The region of Bessarabia, situated between the rivers Dniester and Prut, was named for the Basarab dynasty.