Wallachia

Principality of Wallachia
*Țara Românească* (Romanian)
Цѣра Рꙋмѫнѣскъ
*Țeara Rumânească*
Βλαχία (Greek)
Principality of Wallachia Țara Românească (Romanian); Цѣра Рꙋмѫнѣскъ; Țeara Rumânească; Βλαχία (Greek)
1330–1859
	Top: Heraldic flag (c. 1593–1611); Bottom: Flag 1845 Coat of arms (1700)
	Motto: Dreptate, Frăție; "Justice, Brotherhood" (1848)
	Wallachia in 1812
	Wallachia in the late 18th century
Status	Independent state (1330–1417, with posterior restorations of independence); Ottoman vassal (1417–1859, with interruptions); Polish fiefdom (1600–1610); Russian protectorate (1829–1856); International protectorate (1856–1859);
Capital	Câmpulung, Curtea de Argeș (1330–1418); Târgoviște (1418–1659); Bucharest (from 1659);
Common languages	Romanian; Church Slavonic; Greek;
Religion	Eastern Orthodox Minority: Roman Catholic; Armenian; Judaism; Islam;
Demonym(s)	Wallachian
Government	Elective absolute monarchy with hereditary lines
Prince
• c. 1290–c. 1310	Radu Negru (first)
• 1859–1862	Alexandru Ioan Cuza (last)
Historical era	Middle Ages; Early modern period; Modern history;
• 'Dismounting' by Radu Negru	1290
• Independence	1330
• Ottoman suzerainty for the first time	1417
• Long and Moldavian Magnate wars	1593–1621
• Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca	21 July [O.S. 10 July] 1774
• Treaty of Adrianople	14 September [O.S. 2 September] 1829
• Regulamentul Organic	1834–1835
• Union with Moldavia	5 February [O.S. 24 January] 1859
Currency	Grosh, denarii, aspri, ducat, florin, ughi, leeuwendaalder, Austrian florin and others
Preceded by	Succeeded by
	Țara Litua
	Banate of Severin
	Kingdom of Hungary
	Second Bulgarian Empire
United Principalities
Today part of	Romania

Wallachia or Walachia (/wɒˈleɪkiə/;^[11] Romanian: Țara Românească, lit. 'The Romanian Land' or 'The Romanian Country', pronounced [ˈt͡sara romɨˈne̯askə]; Old Romanian: Țeara Rumânească, Romanian Cyrillic alphabet: Цѣра Рꙋмѫнѣскъ, Greek: Βλαχία) is a historical and geographical region of modern-day Romania. It is situated north of the Lower Danube and south of the Southern Carpathians. Wallachia was traditionally divided into two sections, Muntenia (Greater Wallachia) and Oltenia (Lesser Wallachia). Dobruja could sometimes be considered a third section due to its proximity and brief rule over it. Wallachia as a whole is sometimes referred to as Muntenia through identification with the larger of the two traditional sections.

Wallachia was founded as a principality in the early 14th century by Basarab I after a rebellion against Charles I of Hungary, although the first mention of the territory of Wallachia west of the river Olt dates to a charter given to the voivode Seneslau in 1246 by Béla IV of Hungary. In 1417, Wallachia was forced to accept the suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire;^[10] this lasted until the 19th century.

In 1859, Wallachia united with Moldavia to form the United Principalities, which adopted the name Romania in 1866 and officially became the Kingdom of Romania in 1881. Later, following the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the resolution of the elected representatives of Romanians in 1918, Bukovina, Transylvania and parts of Banat, Crișana, and Maramureș were allocated to the Kingdom of Romania, thereby forming the modern Romanian state.

^ Walachia Archived 19 September 2018 at the Wayback Machine at britannica.com
^ ^a ^b Protectorate Archived 14 December 2020 at the Wayback Machine at britannica.com
^ Reid, Robert; Pettersen, Leif (11 November 2017). Romania & Moldova. Lonely Planet. ISBN 9781741044782. Archived from the original on 16 July 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2017 – via Google Books.
^ Ștefan Pascu, Documente străine despre români, ed. Arhivelor statului, București 1992, ISBN 973-95711-2-3
^ "Tout ce pays: la Wallachie, la Moldavie et la plus part de la Transylvanie, a esté peuplé des colonies romaines du temps de Trajan l'empereur... Ceux du pays se disent vrais successeurs des Romains et nomment leur parler romanechte, c'est-à-dire romain... " in Voyage fait par moy, Pierre Lescalopier l'an 1574 de Venise a Constantinople, in: Paul Cernovodeanu, Studii și materiale de istorie medievală, IV, 1960, p. 444
^ Panaitescu, Petre P. (1965). Începuturile şi biruinţa scrisului în limba română (in Romanian). Editura Academiei Bucureşti. p. 5.
^ Kamusella, T. (2008). The Politics of Language and Nationalism in Modern Central Europe. Springer. p. 352. ISBN 9780230583474. Archived from the original on 16 July 2023. Retrieved 29 November 2018.
^ Olson, James Stuart; Pappas, Lee Brigance; Pappas, Nicholas Charles; Pappas, Nicholas C. J. (1994). An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of the Russian and Soviet Empires. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 550. ISBN 9780313274978. Archived from the original on 16 July 2023. Retrieved 29 November 2018.
^ Brătianu 1980, p. 93.
^ ^a ^b Giurescu, Istoria Românilor, p. 481
^ "Wallachia". Dictionary.com Unabridged (Online). n.d. Retrieved 6 November 2021.

Cite error: There are <ref group=nb> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=nb}} template (see the help page).

[suzerainty-1] Walachia Archived 19 September 2018 at the Wayback Machine at britannica.com

[protectorate-2] Protectorate Archived 14 December 2020 at the Wayback Machine at britannica.com

[3] Reid, Robert; Pettersen, Leif (11 November 2017). Romania & Moldova. Lonely Planet. ISBN 9781741044782. Archived from the original on 16 July 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2017 – via Google Books.

[4] Ștefan Pascu, Documente străine despre români, ed. Arhivelor statului, București 1992, ISBN 973-95711-2-3

[5] "Tout ce pays: la Wallachie, la Moldavie et la plus part de la Transylvanie, a esté peuplé des colonies romaines du temps de Trajan l'empereur... Ceux du pays se disent vrais successeurs des Romains et nomment leur parler romanechte, c'est-à-dire romain... " in Voyage fait par moy, Pierre Lescalopier l'an 1574 de Venise a Constantinople, in: Paul Cernovodeanu, Studii și materiale de istorie medievală, IV, 1960, p. 444

[6] Panaitescu, Petre P. (1965). Începuturile şi biruinţa scrisului în limba română (in Romanian). Editura Academiei Bucureşti. p. 5.

[7] Kamusella, T. (2008). The Politics of Language and Nationalism in Modern Central Europe. Springer. p. 352. ISBN 9780230583474. Archived from the original on 16 July 2023. Retrieved 29 November 2018.

[9] Olson, James Stuart; Pappas, Lee Brigance; Pappas, Nicholas Charles; Pappas, Nicholas C. J. (1994). An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of the Russian and Soviet Empires. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 550. ISBN 9780313274978. Archived from the original on 16 July 2023. Retrieved 29 November 2018.

[11] Brătianu 1980, p. 93.

[Giurescu-12] Giurescu, Istoria Românilor, p. 481

[13] "Wallachia". Dictionary.com Unabridged (Online). n.d. Retrieved 6 November 2021.

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