Politics of Romania

Politics of Romania Politica României
Coat of arms of Romania
Polity type	Unitary semi-presidential republic
Constitution	Constitution of Romania (1991)
Legislative branch
Name	Parliament
Type	Bicameral
Meeting place	Palace of the Parliament
Upper house
Name	Senate
Presiding officer	Nicolae Ciucă, President of the Senate
Lower house
Name	Chamber of Deputies
Presiding officer	Alfred Simonis (ad interim/acting), President of the Chamber of Deputies
Executive branch
Head of State
Title	President
Currently	Klaus Iohannis
Appointer	Direct popular vote
Head of Government
Title	Prime Minister
Currently	Marcel Ciolacu
Appointer	President
Cabinet
Name	Government of Romania
Current cabinet	Ciolacu Cabinet
Leader	Prime Minister
Deputy leader	Deputy Prime Minister
Appointer	President
Headquarters	Victoria Palace
Ministries	18
Judicial branch
Name	Judiciary of Romania
High Court of Cassation and Justice
Chief judge	Corina Corbu
Constitutional Court

Politics of Romania
Constitution Referendums 1991 (adoption) 2003 (amendments) Constitutional Court
Government President (list) Klaus Iohannis Prime Minister (list) Marcel Ciolacu Cabinet (current, list)
Parliament Senate Acting President: Alina Gorghiu Standing Bureau Chamber of Deputies President: Alfred Simonis Standing Bureau
Judiciary High Court of Cassation and Justice Constitutional Court Ombudsman Judicial reform
Political parties Parliamentary National Liberal Party (PNL) Social Democratic Party (PSD) Save Romania Union (USR) Freedom, Unity and Solidarity Party (PLUS) Alliance for the Union of Romanians (AUR) Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania (UDMR) Humanist Power Party (PPU) Romanian Nationhood Party (PNR) Other ethnic-minority parties Non-parliamentary People's Movement Party (PMP) PRO Romania (PRO) Greater Romania Party (PRM) Ecologist Party of Romania (PER)
Elections Permanent Electoral Authority Recent elections Presidential: 2014 2019 2024 Legislative: 2016 2020 next Local: 2016 2020 2024 European: 2014 2019 2024
Administrative divisions Macroregions Development regions Counties Metropolitan areas Municipalities Sectors Cities Communes
Foreign relations China United States Moldova unification movement Russia Ukraine Embassies
Politicians Heads of state Presidents by time in office Prime Ministers
Romania portal Other countries
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Romania's political framework is a semi-presidential representative democratic republic where the Prime Minister is the head of government while the President, according to the constitution, has a more symbolic role, is responsible for the foreign policy, signs certain decrees, approves laws promulgated by the parliament, and nominates the head of government (i.e. Prime Minister). Romania has a democratic, multi-party system, with legislative power vested in the government and the two chambers of the Parliament, more specifically the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. From 1948 until 1989, the communist rule political structure took place in the framework of a one-party socialist republic governed by the Romanian Communist Party (PCR) as its only legal party.

Romania's 1991 constitution (amended in 2003) proclaims it a democratic and social republic, deriving its sovereignty from the people. According to the constitution, "Human dignity, civic rights and freedoms, the unhindered development of human personality, justice, and political pluralism are supreme and guaranteed values."

The constitution provides for a President, a Parliament, a Constitutional Court, and a separate court system which includes the High Court of Cassation and Justice. The right to vote is granted to all citizens over 18 years of age.

The Economist Intelligence Unit rated Romania as a "flawed democracy" in 2022.^[1]