Artaxerxes I

Artaxerxes I
𐎠𐎼𐎫𐎧𐏁𐏂
Artaxerxes I; 𐎠𐎼𐎫𐎧𐏁𐏂
King of Kings; Great King; King of Persia; King of Babylon; Pharaoh of Egypt; King of Countries;
	Relief of Artaxerxes I, from his tomb in Naqsh-e Rustam
King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire,; Pharaoh of Egypt
Reign	465–424 BC
Predecessor	Xerxes I
Successor	Xerxes II
Born	Unknown
Died	424 BC, Susa
Burial	Naqsh-e Rustam, Persepolis
Spouse	Damaspia; Alogyne of Babylon; Cosmartidene of Babylon; Andia of Babylon
Issue	Xerxes II; Sogdianus; Darius II; Arsites; Parysatis;
Dynasty	Achaemenid
Father	Xerxes I
Mother	Amestris
Religion	Zoroastrianism

nomen or birth name

Artaxerxes^[1]
in hieroglyphs

Era: Late Period
(664–332 BC)

Artaxerxes I (/ˌɑːrtəˈzɜːrksiːz/, Old Persian: 𐎠𐎼𐎫𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎠 Artaxšaçāʰ;^[2]^[3] Greek: Ἀρταξέρξης)^[4] was the fifth King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire, from 465 to December 424 BC.^[5]^[6] He was the third son of Xerxes I.

In Greek sources he is also surnamed "Long-handed" (Ancient Greek: μακρόχειρ Makrókheir; Latin: Longimanus), allegedly because his right hand was longer than his left.^[7]

^ Henri Gauthier, Le Livre des rois d'Égypte, IV, Cairo 1916 (=MIFAO 20), p. 152.
^ Ghias Abadi, R. M. (2004). Achaemenid Inscriptions (کتیبه‌های هخامنشی)‎ (in Persian) (2nd ed.). Tehran: Shiraz Navid Publications. p. 129. ISBN 964-358-015-6.
^ "Artaxerxes" at Encyclopædia Iranica
^ The Greek form of the name is influenced by Xerxes, "Artaxerxes" at Encyclopædia Iranica
^ James D. G. Dunn; John William Rogerson (19 November 2003). Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 321. ISBN 978-0-8028-3711-0.
^ Matthew W. Stolper. The Death of Artaxerxes I in Archaeologische Mitteilungen aus Iran N.F. 16 (1983). Dietrich Reimer Verlag Berlin. p. 231.
^ Plutarch, Artaxerxes, l. 1. c. 1. 11:129 - cited by Ussher, Annals, para. 1179

[1] Henri Gauthier, Le Livre des rois d'Égypte, IV, Cairo 1916 (=MIFAO 20), p. 152.

[2] Ghias Abadi, R. M. (2004). Achaemenid Inscriptions (کتیبه‌های هخامنشی)‎ (in Persian) (2nd ed.). Tehran: Shiraz Navid Publications. p. 129. ISBN 964-358-015-6.

[3] "Artaxerxes" at Encyclopædia Iranica

[4] The Greek form of the name is influenced by Xerxes, "Artaxerxes" at Encyclopædia Iranica

[DunnRogerson2003-5] James D. G. Dunn; John William Rogerson (19 November 2003). Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 321. ISBN 978-0-8028-3711-0.

[Stolper1983-6] Matthew W. Stolper. The Death of Artaxerxes I in Archaeologische Mitteilungen aus Iran N.F. 16 (1983). Dietrich Reimer Verlag Berlin. p. 231.

[7] Plutarch, Artaxerxes, l. 1. c. 1. 11:129 - cited by Ussher, Annals, para. 1179

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Artaxerxes I 𐎠𐎼𐎫𐎧𐏁𐏂
King of Kings Great King King of Persia King of Babylon Pharaoh of Egypt King of Countries
Relief of Artaxerxes I, from his tomb in Naqsh-e Rustam
King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire, Pharaoh of Egypt
Reign	465–424 BC
Predecessor	Xerxes I
Successor	Xerxes II

Born	Unknown
Died	424 BC, Susa
Burial	Naqsh-e Rustam, Persepolis
Spouse	Damaspia Alogyne of Babylon Cosmartidene of Babylon Andia of Babylon
Issue	Xerxes II Sogdianus Darius II Arsites Parysatis
Dynasty	Achaemenid
Father	Xerxes I
Mother	Amestris
Religion	Zoroastrianism