Bugis

Bugis
To Ugi; ᨈᨚ ᨕᨘᨁᨗ
	A couple walking under a Lellu' (traditional folding canopy) at their wedding
Total population
	7 million (2010 census)
Regions with significant populations
Indonesia	6,359,700
South Sulawesi	3,618,683
Breakdown by Province in Indonesia
South Sulawesi	3,618,683
East Kalimantan	735,819
Southeast Sulawesi	496,432
Central Sulawesi	409,741
West Sulawesi	144,554
West Kalimantan	137,282
Riau	107,159
South Kalimantan	101,727
Jambi	96,145
Papua	88,991
Jakarta	68,227
West Papua	40,087
Malaysia	728,465
Singapore	15,000
Languages
	Predominantly; Bugis • Indonesian • Makassar Malay; Also; Massenrempulu • Malay
Religion
	Predominantly; Islam
Related ethnic groups
	Austronesian peoples; Makassarese; Mandarese; Toraja;

The Bugis people, also known as Buginese, are an Austronesian ethnic group—the most numerous of the three major linguistic and ethnic groups of South Sulawesi (the others being Makassar and Toraja), in the south-western province of Sulawesi, third-largest island of Indonesia. The Bugis in 1605 converted to Islam from Animism.^[4] Although the majority of Bugis are Muslim, a small minority adhere to Christianity as well as a pre-Islamic indigenous belief called Tolotang.^[5]

The Bugis, whose population numbers around six million and constitutes less than 2.5% of the Indonesian population, are influential in the politics in the country; and historically influential on the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, Lesser Sunda Islands and other parts of the archipelago where they have migrated en masse, starting in the late seventeenth century.^[6] The third president of Indonesia, B. J. Habibie,^[7]^[8] and a former vice president of Indonesia, Jusuf Kalla, are Bugis descent. In Malaysia, the current Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King of Malaysia), Sultan Ibrahim and eighth prime minister, Muhyiddin Yassin, have Bugis ancestry.^[9]^[10]

Most Bugis people speak a distinct regional language called Bugis (Basa Ugi) in addition to Indonesian. The Bugis language belongs to the South Sulawesi language group; other members include Makassarese, Toraja, Mandar^[11] and Massenrempulu. The name Bugis is an exonym which represents an older form of the name; (To) Ugi is the endonym.^[12]

^ Akhsan Na'im, Hendry Syaputra (2011). Kewarganegaraan, Suku Bangsa, Agama dan Bahasa Sehari-hari Penduduk Indonesia Hasil Sensus Penduduk 2010. Badan Pusat Statistik. ISBN 9789790644175.
^ ^a ^b Mukrimin (2019). "Moving the Kitchen out": Contemporary Bugis Migration. Southeast Asian Studies.
^ Tham Seong Chee (1993). Malay Family Structure: Change and Continuity with Reference to Singapore. Department of Malay Studies National University of Singapore. p. 1. ISBN 9971-62-336-6.
^ Ooi, Keat Gin (2004). Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, From Angkor Wat to East Timor. ABC-CLIO. p. 286. ISBN 1576077705.
^ Said, Nurman (Summer 2004). "Religion and Cultural Identity Among the Bugis (A Preliminary Remark)" (PDF). Inter-Religio (45): 12–20.
^ Andaya, Leonard Y. (1975). The kingdom of Johor, 1641-1728. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-580262-4. OCLC 906499076.
^ "Mengenang B.J Habibie: Fokus agar Usil Tetap Genius (1)". Jawa Pos. Jawa Pos. 9 November 2019. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
^ "BJ Habibie, Si Jenius Indonesia dari Sulawesi". Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology. Jawa Pos. 3 May 2019. Retrieved 16 May 2024.
^ Cantika Adinda Putri (1 March 2020). "Ini Muhyiddin Yasin, PM Baru Malaysia Berdarah Bugis & Jawa". CNBC Indonesia. CNBC Indonesia. Retrieved 13 September 2022.
^ Cantika Adinda Putri (27 November 2017). "Sultan Johor: Saya pun Bugis, terasa juga". Malaysiakini. Retrieved 31 January 2024.
^ Mills, Roger Frederick (1975). "Proto South Sulawesi and Proto Austronesian phonology" (PDF). Ph. D Thesis. University of Michigan.
^ Shiv Shanker Tiwary & Rajeev Kumar (2009). Encyclopaedia of Southeast Asia and Its Tribes, Volume 1. Anmol Publications. p. 47. ISBN 978-81-261-3837-1.

[1] Akhsan Na'im, Hendry Syaputra (2011). Kewarganegaraan, Suku Bangsa, Agama dan Bahasa Sehari-hari Penduduk Indonesia Hasil Sensus Penduduk 2010. Badan Pusat Statistik. ISBN 9789790644175.

[Mukrimin-2] Mukrimin (2019). "Moving the Kitchen out": Contemporary Bugis Migration. Southeast Asian Studies.

[3] Tham Seong Chee (1993). Malay Family Structure: Change and Continuity with Reference to Singapore. Department of Malay Studies National University of Singapore. p. 1. ISBN 9971-62-336-6.

[4] Ooi, Keat Gin (2004). Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, From Angkor Wat to East Timor. ABC-CLIO. p. 286. ISBN 1576077705.

[:0-5] Said, Nurman (Summer 2004). "Religion and Cultural Identity Among the Bugis (A Preliminary Remark)" (PDF). Inter-Religio (45): 12–20.

[:Andaya-6] Andaya, Leonard Y. (1975). The kingdom of Johor, 1641-1728. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-580262-4. OCLC 906499076.

[7] "Mengenang B.J Habibie: Fokus agar Usil Tetap Genius (1)". Jawa Pos. Jawa Pos. 9 November 2019. Retrieved 29 March 2022.

[8] "BJ Habibie, Si Jenius Indonesia dari Sulawesi". Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology. Jawa Pos. 3 May 2019. Retrieved 16 May 2024.

[9] Cantika Adinda Putri (1 March 2020). "Ini Muhyiddin Yasin, PM Baru Malaysia Berdarah Bugis & Jawa". CNBC Indonesia. CNBC Indonesia. Retrieved 13 September 2022.

[10] Cantika Adinda Putri (27 November 2017). "Sultan Johor: Saya pun Bugis, terasa juga". Malaysiakini. Retrieved 31 January 2024.

[11] Mills, Roger Frederick (1975). "Proto South Sulawesi and Proto Austronesian phonology" (PDF). Ph. D Thesis. University of Michigan.

[12] Shiv Shanker Tiwary & Rajeev Kumar (2009). Encyclopaedia of Southeast Asia and Its Tribes, Volume 1. Anmol Publications. p. 47. ISBN 978-81-261-3837-1.

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