Fecal microbiota transplant

Fecal microbiota transplant
Escherichia coli at 10,000× magnification
Other names	Fecal bacteriotherapy, fecal transfusion, fecal transplant, stool transplant
Specialty	Gastroenterology
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Fecal microbiota transplant (FMT), also known as a stool transplant,^[2] is the process of transferring fecal bacteria and other microbes from a healthy individual into another individual. FMT is an effective treatment for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI).^[3][4][5] For recurrent CDI, FMT is more effective than vancomycin alone, and may improve the outcome after the first index infection.^[3][5][6]

Side effects may include a risk of infections, therefore the donor should be screened for pathogens.^[7]

With CDI becoming more common, FMT is gaining increasing prominence, with some experts calling for it to become the first-line therapy for CDI.^[8] FMT has been used experimentally to treat other gastrointestinal diseases, including colitis, constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, and neurological conditions, such as multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's.^[9][10] In the United States, human feces has been regulated as an experimental drug since 2013. In the United Kingdom, FMT regulation is under the remit of the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency.^[11]