First War of Scottish Independence

First War of Scottish Independence
Part of the Wars of Scottish Independence
Robert the Bruce addresses his troops before the Battle of Bannockburn. Drawing from c. 1900.
Date 26 March 1296[a] – 1 May 1328 (32 years, 35 days) Location British Isles Result Treaty of Edinburgh–Northampton Scottish independence from England maintained English victory in Ireland Reinstatement of Anglo-Scottish border from reign of Alexander III of Scotland
Belligerents
Kingdom of Scotland Supported by: Kingdom of France Gaelic Ireland: Kingdom of Connacht Kingdom of Thomond Kingdom of Hy Many Kingdom of Tyrconnell Kingdom of Breffny Kingdom of Oriel Kingdom of Desmond Kingdom of Moylurg	Kingdom of England Lordship of Ireland County Palatine of Durham
Commanders and leaders
John Balliol  # William Wallace  (Commander-in-chief until 1305) Robert I (Commander-in-chief from 1305) John "Red" Comyn X Andrew Moray (DOW) William the Hardy  # James "Black" Douglas Earl of Moray Edward Bruce † Simon Fraser  Angus Og MacDonald Walter the Steward	Edward I  # (1296–1307) Edward II (1307–1327) Edward III (1327–1328) Earl of Surrey  # Earl of Pembroke  # Earl of Richmond Raymond Caillau † Earl of Louth Earl of Carrick  # Earl of Desmond Antony Bek  #

The First War of Scottish Independence was the first of a series of wars between English and Scottish forces. It lasted from the English invasion of Scotland in 1296 until the de jure restoration of Scottish independence with the Treaty of Edinburgh–Northampton in 1328. De facto independence was established in 1314 at the Battle of Bannockburn. The wars were caused by the attempts of the English kings to establish their authority over Scotland while Scots fought to keep English rule and authority out of Scotland.^[1]

The term "War of Independence" did not exist at the time. The war was given that name retrospectively many centuries later, after the American War of Independence made the term popular, and after the rise of modern Scottish nationalism.^{[citation needed]}

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