Help:IPA/Dutch

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Dutch pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

See Dutch phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Dutch as well as dialectal variations not represented here.

Most audios are from three different speakers : NL1 is from the Randstad region (Utrecht, Netherlands), NL2 is more conservative than "1" and BE1 is from the Brabantine region (Antwerp, Belgium).

Consonants
IPA Examples English approximation
b bit bit
d dik duck
f fit[a], hoofdvak fit
ɣ git, gaan[a] between again but
without touching the roof
of the mouth
and hue
ɦ hit[a], gehoopt behind
j jas yes
k kit, cabaret skit, (utturence final, kit)
l lid, schil lit, li'l (distinctly pronounced)
m mist, kwam[b] mist, qualm
n nest, man[b] nest, douane, gone
ŋ lang[b] long, bang
p pit, heb[c] spit, (utturence final, pit)
r rit, ver[d]

guttural R

rib, gras[d]

"American" atom

s sok[a], hoofdzaak between soup and shoop
(retracted) (N), sip (B)
t tip, lid[c] stip, (utturence final, tip)
v vit[a], hoofden vid
ʋ wit, twee[e] like looser very (N),
very without the tongue (B)
x acht[a], wig[c] SE loch, almost "strong" kit
z zeep[a], hoosden between zoop and jupe
(retracted) (N), zip (B)
Marginal consonants
Giovanni, jungle[f] jeep, squidgy
ɡ goal[g] goal
ɱ omvallen[b] symphony
ɲ oranje, Trijntje[f][b] somewhat like canyon
ɕ sjabloon, chef[f] sheep, squishy
tientje, Tsjechië,
check[f]
cheap, itchy
ʑ jury[a][f] gite, Givenchy
ʔ bindig [bəˈʔɛindəx],
Trijntje Oosterhuis
[-ə ˈʔoː-][h]
catch in uh-oh!
Stress
ˈ vóórkomen as in commandeer
/ˌkɒmənˈdɪər/
ˌ voorkómen
Other representations
( ) maken [ˈmaːkə(n)]
zelf [zɛl(ə)f]
Optional sound[i]
Vowels
IPA Examples English approximation
Checked vowels[j]
ɑ bad gouache but shorter
ɛ bed bet, bed
ɪ bit bit, bid
ɔ bot 'bot, pod
generraly too open
ʏ put SSB good,
or a shorter nurse
Free vowels and diphthongs[j]
baat,
ja, baten
"Brit" lad
ɑi̯ ai I, price
aːi̯ saais size, prize
beet, zee[k],
beter[k]
GenAm bay (N)
SE bay or "flat" Tuesday (B)
ɛi̯ bijt, ei "Brit" bait
œy̯ buit, bui "Canadian" out, ice
eːu̯ eeuw jaywalk
ə de, beginnen again
i biet, drie beet ~ bid
iu̯ nieuw ew!
boot,
zo[k], grote[k]
bowl (N),
story (B)
øː beu[k], neus "Brit" nurse
ɔi̯ hoi hoi, choice
oːi̯ nooit noise
ʌu̯ bouwt, oud,
nauw
out, Mao (N),
no (B)
u boet, toe Bole
ui̯ groei booyah; Gruyère
y fuut, q SE food
yu̯ duw cue; pew
Marginal vowels
ɑː cast[l] father
ɑ̃ː genre[l] croissant
ɛː scène[m] BrE square
ɛ̃ː hautain[l] doyen
analyse[n],
nier, bier
beer, FR pire
ɔː roze[l][o] thought
ɔ̃ː chanson[l] montage
œː freule[l] fur
cruise[n],
boer, boert
fuel, FR pour
centrifuge[n],
kuur, buur
fugue, FR pure


Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).

  1. ^ a b Gussenhoven (1999), p. 74.
  2. ^ a b c d e Collins & Mees (2003), p. 48.
  3. ^ Collins & Mees (2003), pp. 197, 201, 216–7.
  4. ^ Gussenhoven (1999), p. 76.
  5. ^ Collins & Mees (2003), pp. 133–4.

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