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Poor White

For the 1920 novel by Sherwood Anderson, see Poor White (novel).
For the specific cultural group in Appalachia, see Mountain white.

Poor White
Portrayals of Poor Whites in U.S. state of Georgia, as illustrated by E. W. Kemble, circa 1891
Regions with significant populations
Southern United States
Related ethnic groups
White Southerners, Mountain white, White Americans

Poor White is a sociocultural classification used to describe economically disadvantaged Whites in the English-speaking world, especially White Americans with low incomes.

In the United States, Poor White is the historical classification for an American sociocultural group,[1] of generally Western and/or Northern European descent, with many being in the Southern United States and Appalachia regions. They were first classified as a social caste[2][3] in the Antebellum South,[4] consisting of white, agrarian, economically disadvantaged laborers or squatters, who usually owned neither land nor slaves.[5][6][7]

In the British Commonwealth, the term was historically used to describe lower-class whites,[8][9] notably in the context of the "poor white problem" in South Africa.[10][11] The term has also been occasionally used in a British context since the second half of the 20th century to distinguish poor white Britons from lower-class Black and Asians in Britain.[12][13]

  1. ^ Flynt, J. Wayne. Dixie's Forgotten People: The South's Poor Whites. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 2004. Print.
  2. ^ "Seabrook, E. B. "Poor Whites of the South." The Galaxy Volume. p. 681-691 04 Issue 6 (Oct 1867). Web. 10 July 2012". Digital.library.cornell.edu. Retrieved January 6, 2013.
  3. ^ Dollard, John. Caste and Class in a Southern Town. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1957. Print.
  4. ^ "Provosty, Laura, and Donovan Douglas. "White Trash in the Twentieth Century." White Trash: Transit of an American Icon. University of Virginia, n.d. Web. 16 Nov. 2012". Xroads.virginia.edu. Archived from the original on October 25, 2012. Retrieved January 6, 2013.
  5. ^ "Marx, Karl. "The North American Civil War." Marx/Engels Collected Works. Vol. 19. Moscow: Progress, 1964. N. pag. Articles by Marx in the U.S. Civil War 1861. Marxists' Internet Archive, 1999. Web. 16 Nov. 2012". Marxists.org. Retrieved January 6, 2013.
  6. ^ Weber, Max. "Ethnic Groups." Economy and Society: An Outline of Interpretive Sociology. Berkeley: University of California, 1968. 391. Print.
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference weston was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ McD. Beckles, Hilary (1988). "Black over white: The 'poor-white' problem in Barbados slave society". Immigrants & Minorities. 7 (1): 1–15. doi:10.1080/02619288.1988.9974674. ISSN 0261-9288.
  9. ^ Jackson, Will (2013). "Dangers to the Colony: Loose women and the "poor white" problem in Kenya". Journal of Colonialism and Colonial History. 14 (2). doi:10.1353/cch.2013.0029. ISSN 1532-5768. S2CID 144107953.
  10. ^ Fourie, Johan (2007). David, Lamond; Rocky, Dwyer (eds.). "The South African poor White problem in the early twentieth century: Lessons for poverty today". Management Decision. 45 (8): 1270–1296. doi:10.1108/00251740710819032. ISSN 0025-1747.
  11. ^ Tayler, Judith (1992). "'Our poor': the politicisation of the Poor White problem, 1932–1942". Kleio. 24 (1): 40–65. doi:10.1080/00232089285310061. ISSN 0023-2084.
  12. ^ Gilligan, George; Pratt, John (2013). Crime, Truth and Justice. Routledge. p. 183. ISBN 978-1-134-03171-9.
  13. ^ Gilroy, Paul (2005). "Multiculture, double consciousness and the 'war on terror'". Patterns of Prejudice. 39 (4): 431–443. doi:10.1080/00313220500347899. ISSN 0031-322X. S2CID 144588989.

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