Back قلعة بني حماد Arabic قلعة بنى حماد ARZ Qalatu Bəni Həmmad Azerbaijani Кала-Бені-Хамад Byelorussian Кала Бени Хамад Bulgarian বেনি হামাদ দুর্গ Bengali/Bangla Qàlat Bani Hammad Catalan Al Qal'a i Beni Hammad Danish Beni-Hammad-Festung German Μπενί Χαμάντ Greek
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قلعة بني حماد | |
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  Shown within Algeria | |
| Location | M'Sila Province, Algeria |
|---|---|
| Coordinates | 35°48′50″N 04°47′36″E / 35.81389°N 4.79333°E |
| Type | Settlement |
| History | |
| Builder | Hammad ibn Buluggin |
| Founded | 1007 |
| Abandoned | 1090 |
| Periods | Hammadid dynasty |
| Site notes | |
| Condition | In ruins |
| Official name | Al Qal'a of Beni Hammad |
| Type | Cultural |
| Criteria | iii |
| Designated | 1980 (4th session) |
| Reference no. | 102 |
| Region | Arab States |
Qal'at Bani Hammad (Arabic: قلعة بني حماد),[1][2][3][4] also known as Qal'a Bani Hammad or Qal'at of the Beni Hammad (among other variants),[5][6] is a fortified palatine city in Algeria. Now in ruins, in the 11th century, it served as the first capital of the Hammadid dynasty. It is in the Hodna Mountains northeast of M'Sila, at an elevation of 1,418 metres (4,652 ft), and receives abundant water from the surrounding mountains. The site is near the town of Maadid (aka Maadhid), about 225 kilometres (140 mi) southeast of Algiers, in the Maghreb.
In 1980, it was inscribed as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO under the name Al Qal'a of Beni Hammad, and described as "an authentic picture of a fortified Muslim city".[7]
The town includes a 7-kilometre (4 mi) long line of walls. Inside the walls are four residential complexes, and the largest mosque built in Algeria after that of Mansurah. It is similar in design to the Grand Mosque of Kairouan, with a tall minaret, 20 metres (66 ft).
Excavations have brought to light numerous terracotta, jewels, coins and ceramics testifying to the high level of civilization under the Hammadid dynasty. Also among the artifacts discovered are several decorative fountains using the lion as a motif. The remains of the emir's palace, known as Dal al-Bahr, include three separate residences separated by gardens and pavilions.
- ^ M. Bloom, Jonathan; S. Blair, Sheila, eds. (2009). "Qal῾at Bani Hammad". The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195309911.
- ^ Whitcomb, Donald. "Archaeology". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three. Brill. ISSN 1873-9830.
{{cite book}}:|journal=ignored (help) - ^ Arnold, Felix (2017). Islamic Palace Architecture in the Western Mediterranean: A History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780190624552.
- ^ Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (2004). The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 9780748696482.
- ^ Bloom, Jonathan M. (2020). Architecture of the Islamic West: North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula, 700-1800. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300218701.
- ^ Ettinghausen, Richard; Grabar, Oleg; Jenkins-Madina, Marilyn (2001). Islamic Art and Architecture: 650–1250 (2nd ed.). Yale University Press. p. 189. ISBN 9780300088670.
- ^ Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. "Al Qal'a of Beni Hammad". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 2022-04-12.
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