Back Hammadí AN حماديون Arabic Həmmadilər sülaləsi Azerbaijani Banu Hammad Catalan Hammadiden German Δυναστεία των Χαμαδιδών Greek Hammadidoj Esperanto Hamaditas Spanish Hamaditak Basque Hammadidit Finnish

Hammadid dynasty

Hammadid dynasty
الحماديون (Arabic)
Al-Hāmmādiyūn
1014–1152
Hammadid territory circa 1050 (in green), and extended territories (dotted line) controlled in certain periods
Hammadid territory circa 1050 (in green), and extended territories (dotted line) controlled in certain periods
StatusNominal vassal of the Abbasid or Fatimid Caliphate[a]
Capital
Qal'at Bani Hammad (c. 1007–1090)
Official languagesArabic[1][2]
Common languagesMaghrebi Arabic
Berber languages
Religion
Official:
Islam

Minority:
Christianity, Judaism

Government Hereditary
monarchy
Emir 
• c. 1007-1028
Hammad (first)
• c. 1062-1088
Al Nasir ibn Alnas
• c. 1121-1152
Yahya ibn Abd al-Aziz (last)
History 
• Hammad proclaims independence from the Zirids
1014
• Conquered by the Almohads
1152
Currency Dinar (gold coin) [3]: 240 
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Zirid dynasty
Zenata
Almohad Caliphate
Kingdom of Africa
Part of a series on the
History of Algeria
Prehistory
Antiquity
Middle Ages
Modern times
Regency of Algiers (16th–19th centuries)

French Algeria (19th–20th centuries)

Algerian War (1954–1962)

Contemporary era
1960s–80s

1990s–2000s

2010s to present

Related topics

The Hammadid dynasty (Arabic: الحماديون, romanized: Al-Hāmmādiyūn, lit. 'children of Hammad'), also known as the Hammadid Emirate or the Kingdom of Bejaia,[4]: 350  was a medieval Islamic kingdom[3]: 240  located in the central Maghreb,[5] encompassing present-day Algeria. It was established at the beginning of the 11th century when Hammad ibn Buluggin declared himself emir,[6] thus splitting the Zirid domains into two separate dynasties. Under the reign of Emir Al Nasir, the emirate briefly became the most important state in the Maghreb,[7] and reached its greatest territorial extent, stretching from Tlemcen in the west to Tunis in the east,[3]: 238 [4]: 362 [7] and from the Mediterranean Sea in the north to the desert oasis of Ouargla and Oued Righ in the south.[3]: 238 [8] While they briefly controlled the principality of Fez in the west and cities like Sfax, Kairouan, Laribus, and Tripoli to the east.[3]: 238 [9][10][7]

At first, Hammad built a fortified city that would serve as the capital for his newly declared kingdom.[5]: 40 [3]: 234 [6]: 20  [11]Later, upon the arrival of the Arabic Banu Hilal tribes, the capital would be replaced by another newly built city by Emir Al Nasir ibn Alnas called Al-Nāsiriyyah (from Arabic: الناصرية) and later renamed to Bejaia,[12]: 100 [7]: 45 [13][14] it would serve as the official capital of the Emirate by 1090 during the rule of Al-Mansur.[7]: 46  Both cities would grow to become one of the largest and most prosperous centers of the Maghreb,[14] with Bejaia housing more than 100,000 inhabitants.[13]: 59 [14][11] The Hammadids would subsequently clash with the Almoravids in the west and their cousins the Zirids in the east.[15][8]: 54 [6]: 80  The latter weakened with the rise of the prominent Normans in Sicily,[7]: 47 [11][16] who also confronted the Hammadids for the domination of Ifriqiya (modern-day Tunisia).[12]: 188 [6]: 98 [3]: 260  However, the Hammadids would face another challenge on their western borders with the growing force of the Almohad Caliphate,[7]: 47  and their emirate would finally be annexed by the Almohads in 1152 after a brief clash with them.[7]: 47 [11][8]: 58 


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  1. ^ مبارك محمد الميلي. تاريخ الجزائر في القديم والحديث (in Arabic). p. 270.
  2. ^ Dr. Abdel Halim Aweys. The state of Bani Hammad, a Wonderful page of Algerian History (in Arabic). p. 248.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Cite error: The named reference :26 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference :18 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ a b Amar S. Baadj (11 August 2015). Saladin, the Almohads and the Banū Ghāniya: The Contest for North Africa. BRILL. p. 40. ISBN 978-90-04-29857-6.
  6. ^ a b c d Cite error: The named reference :19 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h Baadj, A.S. (2015). Saladin, the Almohads and the Banū Ghāniya: The Contest for North Africa (12th and 13th centuries). Studies in the History and Society of the Maghrib. Brill. p. 42. ISBN 978-90-04-29857-6. Retrieved 24 March 2022.
  8. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference :25 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ Cite error: The named reference :052 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  10. ^ Cite error: The named reference Ilahiane 2006 55, 56 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ a b c d Cite error: The named reference Huebner was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  12. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference :30 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  13. ^ a b Charles Féraud (2001). Histoire de Bougie (in French). Bouchène. p. 47. ISBN 978-2-912946-28-7.
  14. ^ a b c Benouis, Farida, Chérid, Houria, Drias, Lakhdar, Semar, Amine. Une architecture de la lumière. Les arts de l'Islam en Algérie (in French). Museum With No Frontiers, MWNF (Museum Ohne Grenzen). ISBN 978-3-902782-23-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  15. ^ Cite error: The named reference :Ilahiane was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  16. ^ Abun-Nasr, Jamil (1987). A history of the Maghrib in the Islamic period. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521337674.

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