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Romania România | |
|---|---|
| Anthem: "Deșteaptă-te, române! (Romanian)" Awaken thee, Romanian! | |
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| Capital and largest city | Bucharest 44°25′N 26°06′E / 44.417°N 26.100°E |
| Official languages | Romanian |
| Ethnic groups (2021)[1] |
|
| Religion (2021)[2] |
|
| Demonym(s) | Romanian |
| Government | Unitary semi-presidential republic |
| Ilie Bolojan (acting) | |
| Marcel Ciolacu | |
| Mircea Abrudean (acting) | |
| Ciprian Șerban | |
| Legislature | Parliament |
| Senate | |
| Chamber of Deputies | |
| Formation | |
| 1330 | |
| 1346 | |
| 24 January 1859 | |
• Independence from the Ottoman Empire | 10 May 1877 |
| 13 March 1881 | |
| 1 December 1918 | |
| 30 December 1947 | |
| 8 December 1991 | |
| Area | |
• Total | 238,397 km2 (92,046 sq mi)[3] (81st) |
• Water (%) | 3 |
| Population | |
• 2024 estimate |  19,064,409[4] (65th) |
• 2021 census | 19,053,815[5] |
• Density | 79.9/km2 (206.9/sq mi) (136th) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2025 estimate |
• Total |  $940.523 billion[6] (35th) |
• Per capita | $49,943[6] (44th) |
| GDP (nominal) | 2025 estimate |
• Total | $406.202 billion[6] (41st) |
• Per capita | $21,570[6] (56th) |
| Gini (2024) |  28.0[7]low inequality |
| HDI (2022) | 0.827[8] very high (53rd) |
| Currency | Romanian leu (RON) |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
| Date format | dd.mm.yyyy (CE) |
| Calling code | +40 |
| Internet TLD | .ro |
Romania[a] is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Bulgaria to the south, Moldova to the east, and the Black Sea to the southeast. It has a mainly continental climate, and an area of 238,397 km2 (92,046 sq mi) with a population of 19 million people. Romania is the twelfth-largest country in Europe and the sixth-most populous member state of the European Union. Europe's second-longest river, the Danube, empties into the Danube Delta in the southeast of the country. The Carpathian Mountains cross Romania from the north to the southwest and include Moldoveanu Peak, at an altitude of 2,544 m (8,346 ft). Bucharest is the country's largest urban area and financial centre. Other major urban areas include Cluj-Napoca, Timișoara, Iași, Constanța and Brașov.
Settlement in the territory of modern Romania began in the Lower Paleolithic, later becoming the Dacian Kingdom before Roman conquest and Romanisation. The modern Romanian state formed in 1859 with the unification of Moldavia and Wallachia under Alexandru Ioan Cuza, becoming Kingdom of Romania in 1881 under Carol I. Romania gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1877, formalised by the Treaty of Berlin. After World War I, Transylvania, Banat, Bukovina, and Bessarabia joined the Old Kingdom, forming Greater Romania, which reached its largest territorial extent. In 1940, under Axis pressure, Romania lost territories to Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Soviet Union. Following the 1944 Romanian coup d'état, Romania switched sides to join the Allies. After World War II, it regained Northern Transylvania through the Paris Peace Treaties. Under Soviet occupation, King Michael I was forced to abdicate, and Romania became a socialist republic and Warsaw Pact member. After the 1989 Revolution, Romania began a transition to liberal democracy and a market economy.
Romania is a developing country with a high-income economy, classified as a middle power in international relations. It is a unitary republic with a multi-party system and a semi-presidential representative democracy. It is home to 11 UNESCO World Heritage Sites and has become an increasingly popular tourist destination, attracting 14 million foreign visitors in 2024. Romania is a net exporter of automotive and vehicle parts worldwide and has established a growing reputation as a technology centre, with some of the fastest internet speeds globally. Romania is a member of several international organisations, including the European Union, NATO, and the BSEC.
- ^ "Populaţia rezidentă după etnie (Recensământ 2021)". www.insse.ro (in Romanian). INS. Archived from the original on 2 July 2023. Retrieved 21 September 2023.
- ^ "Populaţia rezidentă după religie (Recensământ 2021)". www.insse.ro (in Romanian). INS. Archived from the original on 4 August 2023. Retrieved 21 September 2023.
- ^ "Romanian Statistical Yearbook (2023) – 1.8 Administrative organisation of Romanian territory, on December 31, 2022 (pg.17)" (PDF). www.insse.ro. INS. 19 February 2024.
- ^ "On 1st January 2024, the usually resident population amounted to 19064409 persons, a growth of 9.9 thousand persons compared to 1st January 2023" (PDF). www.insse.ro. INS. 30 August 2024. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
- ^ "Populația după etnie la recensămintele din perioada 1930-2021". www.insse.ro (in Romanian). INS. Archived from the original on 28 September 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2024.
- ^ a b c d "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2024 Edition. (Romania)". www.imf.org. International Monetary Fund. 22 October 2024. Retrieved 22 October 2024.
- ^ "Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income – EU-SILC survey". ec.europa.eu. Eurostat. Archived from the original on 9 October 2020. Retrieved 1 April 2025.
- ^ "Human Development Report 2023/2024" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 13 March 2024. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 March 2024. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
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