Ubykh people

Ubykh
	Tamga of the Berzeg clan, one of the most influential clans of Ubykhia.
Total population
	20,000
Regions with significant populations
	Turkey
Languages
	Ubykh (historically),; Turkish, Circassian languages
Religion
	Islam
Related ethnic groups
	Other Adyghe tribes, Abkhaz, Abaza

The Ubykh (Ubykh: Tuex̂ı /tʷɜxɨ/; Adyghe: Убых, Ubyx; Russian: Убыхи; Turkish: Ubıhlar / Vubıhlar) are one of the twelve major Circassian tribes, represented by one of the twelve stars on the green-and-gold Circassian flag.^[1] Along with the Natukhai and Shapsug tribes, the Ubykh were one of three coastal Circassian tribes to form the Circassian Assembly (Adyghe: Адыгэ Хасэ) in 1860.^[2] Historically, they spoke a distinct Ubykh language,^[3] which never existed in written form and went extinct in 1992 when Tevfik Esenç, the last speaker, died.

^ "Circassians". Adiga home. 2010. Archived from the original on August 20, 2014. Retrieved 17 May 2016. The 12 Circassian tribes: Abadzeh Besleney Bzhedug Yegeruqay Zhaney Kabarday Mamheg Natuhay Temirgoy Ubyh Shapsug Hatukay. The twelve stars on the Adyghe Flag also refers to the twelve tribes.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
^ Report: Central Eurasia, Issues 91–96 (Report). United States Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 1992. p. 72. Retrieved 17 May 2016. Yet this growth, in the opinion of the Shapsug themselves, is no more than an illusion, and it is quite likely that the fate of two other Adyg peoples — the Ubykh and the Natukhayevtsy, who have ceased to exist — will…
^ Chirikba, Viacheslav Andreevich (1996). Common West Caucasian: the reconstruction of its phonological system and parts of its lexicon and morphology. Research School CNWS. p. 41. ISBN 978-907378273-0. Smeets 1988 adds to this list also Ubykh Circassian, i.e. the form of West Circassian as spoken by Ubykhs.

[1] "Circassians". Adiga home. 2010. Archived from the original on August 20, 2014. Retrieved 17 May 2016. The 12 Circassian tribes: Abadzeh Besleney Bzhedug Yegeruqay Zhaney Kabarday Mamheg Natuhay Temirgoy Ubyh Shapsug Hatukay. The twelve stars on the Adyghe Flag also refers to the twelve tribes.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)

[2] Report: Central Eurasia, Issues 91–96 (Report). United States Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 1992. p. 72. Retrieved 17 May 2016. Yet this growth, in the opinion of the Shapsug themselves, is no more than an illusion, and it is quite likely that the fate of two other Adyg peoples — the Ubykh and the Natukhayevtsy, who have ceased to exist — will…

[Ubykh_Circassian-3] Chirikba, Viacheslav Andreevich (1996). Common West Caucasian: the reconstruction of its phonological system and parts of its lexicon and morphology. Research School CNWS. p. 41. ISBN 978-907378273-0. Smeets 1988 adds to this list also Ubykh Circassian, i.e. the form of West Circassian as spoken by Ubykhs.

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