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Valence populism is a variant of populism that is assigned to political parties or politicians whose positions cannot be determined on the left–right political spectrum. Parties or politicians alike promote issues and themes that are non-positional, such as anti-corruption ideas, government transparency, democratic reform, and moral integrity. Valence populism is also an anti-establishment ideology, that rejects consistent ideologies unlike left-wing or right-wing populism.
The concept of valence populism has been largely built by political scientist Mattia Zulianello. It has usually been found in parties in the Central and Eastern Europe. Despite this, the most known example is the Italian Five Star Movement. Other parties include the Czech ANO 2011, Bulgarian GERB, Croatian Human Shield, Slovak OĽaNO, and Slovenian List of Marjan Šarec. Variants of valence populism include techno-populism and agrarian populism.
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