Zhangjiang Tram

Zhangjiang Tram
Chinese name
Simplified Chinese	上海张江有轨电车
Traditional Chinese	上海張江有軌電車
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Zhāngjiāng yǒu guǐ diànchē
Overview
Status	Closed
Locale	Pudong, Shanghai
Termini	Zhangjiang metro station Zhangdong Road Jinqiu Road Station
Connecting lines	2
Stations	15
Service
Type	Tram, Translohr
System	Zhangjiang Tram
Services	Zhangjiang metro station ↔ Zhangdong Road Jinqiu Road Station
Operator(s)	Shanghai Pudong Modern Rail Transportation Co., Ltd (up to April 1, 2021) Shanghai Pudong New Area Yanggao Public Transportation Co., Ltd. (from April 1, 2021)
Depot(s)	Heqing Town
Rolling stock	9 3-car Translohr rubber-tired trams
Daily ridership	6,000 (daily average, 2016)[1]
History
Commenced	December 23, 2007; 16 years ago (2007-12-23)
Opened	December 31, 2009; 14 years ago (2009-12-31)
Closed	June 1, 2023; 11 months ago (2023-06-01)
Technical
Line length	9.8 km (6 mi)
Character	At-grade, unreserved tracks in the middle of the road
Track gauge	None, central guide rail
Electrification	Overhead lines (550 volts) DC
Operating speed	max speed of vehicle: 70 km/h (43 mph) max operating speed: 40 km/h (25 mph)
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Zhangjiang Tram was a tram network operating in Shanghai that utilised a Translohr system. Shanghai originally had a steel wheeled electric tramway network in its urban center. Routes expanded gradually and reached largest extent in 1925 with 328 tramcars; this tram system shut down in 1975. Tram service returned to Shanghai with the opening of a rubber tired Translohr line in the suburban Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park in 2010. It is the second rubber-tired tram system in both China and Asia, the first being TEDA tram in Tianjin.

Zhangjiang Tram started construction on December 23, 2007.^[2] Construction was originally planned to be completed in December 2008, but this was delayed a year, until December 31, 2009 when it was opened to traffic.^[3] Passenger operations started on December 31, 2009. Zhangjiang Tram runs for 10 km (6.2 mi) from Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park Station of the Shanghai Metro Line 2 to Heqing Town with 15 stops. The total investment of the Zhangjiang tram project is about 800 million yuan.^[4]

Zhangjiang tram was planned to be built in phases. Only the first phase was constructed and ran from Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park Station on Shanghai Metro Line 2 (formerly Songtao Road Zuchongzhi Road Station) in the west, to Zhangdong Road Jinqiu Road Station in the east, which covers a distance of 9.8 km (6.1 mi), with a total of 15 stops, 1 depot. Initial plans included a next phase which is an extension to Tangzhen and a third phase to Heqing Town, reaching a scale of more than 30 kilometers (19 mi) by 2010. Due to successive years of losses, the Zhangjiang Tram originally planned extensions are temporarily put on hold. Zhangjiang Tram has an annual loss of more than 20 million yuan. This is because the passenger flow is unbalanced during the day (many office workers are passengers during the rush hour; when commute time is over, there are very few passengers), which is generally unsatisfactory; and the maintenance cost of vehicles is extremely high, as most parts are imported. For this reason, the supply of some parts has been stopped, making the vehicle unable to operate normally.^[5]

There were also possible plans to build tram projects in Lujiazui and Sanlin areas, which also have not been materialized.

Ultimately, although spare parts procurement was an issue, the system closed mainly due to the overwhelming saturation of the Zhangjiang area with other, faster rail transit systems, such as Line 2, 11, 13 and 16. After closure, the route was largely replaced by Pudong route 112 bus services.^[6][7] It was the second modern tram system in China to close, after the Zhuhai Tram in 2021 January 22.^[8]