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In the United States, the populist Great Replacement conspiracy theory holds the view that "political elites" are purposefully seeking to increase the number of racial minorities in an attempt to displace the white American population.[1] Believers in the conspiracy theory have used it as a racist trope in an attempt to advocate anti-immigration policies and dogwhistle to xenophobic ideology. The theory has received strong support in many sectors of the Republican Party. According to David Smith, "Two in three Republicans agree with the 'great replacement' theory."[2] As a result, it has become a major issue of political debate. It has also stimulated violent reactionary responses, including mass murders. The name is derived from the "Great Replacement" theory, invented in 2011 by the French author Renaud Camus; it is promoted in Europe, and it also has some similarities to the white genocide conspiracy theory, popularized by the American terrorist David Lane in his 1995 White Genocide Manifesto.
Similar views originated in American nativism around 1900.[3] According to Erika Lee, in 1894 the old stock Yankee upper-class founders of the Immigration Restriction League were "convinced that Anglo-Saxon traditions, peoples, and culture were being drowned in a flood of racially inferior foreigners from Southern and Eastern Europe".[4] The modern movement in favor of this conspiracy theory expanded with Gamergate in 2014, and has received significant attention following the 2017 Unite the Right rally.
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- Bullens, Lara (11 August 2021). "How France's 'great replacement' theory conquered the global far right". France24. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
- McCann Ramírez, Nikki (7 September 2022). "A racist conspiracy theory called the 'great replacement' has made its way from far-right media to the GOP". Insider. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
- Bowles, Nellie (18 March 2019). "'Replacement Theory,' a Racist, Sexist Doctrine, Spreads in Far-Right Circles". The New York Times. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
- Pilkington, Ed (17 May 2022). "What is 'great replacement' theory and how did its racist lies spread in the US?". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
- Brownstein, Ronald (23 April 2021). "The racist 'replacement theory' has it all backward". CNN. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
- ^ Smith, David (22 December 2023). "How Trump's anti-immigrant rhetoric is taking over the Republican party". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
- ^ Bowles, Nellie (18 March 2019). "'Replacement Theory,' a Racist, Sexist Doctrine, Spreads in Far-Right Circles". The New York Times.
Behind the idea is a racist conspiracy theory known as 'the replacement theory,' which was popularized by a right-wing French philosopher.
- ^ Erika Lee, America for Americans a history of xenophobia in the United States (2019) p. 113.
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