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White Latin Americans

For European-descended people of Hispanic/Latino heritage living in or native to the United States, see White Hispanic and Latino Americans.
White Latin Americans
Eurolatinoamericanos
Total population
191.5 million – 220.6 million[1][2]
40.0% of Latin American population
  • Figures exclude French, Dutch, and English-speaking areas of the Americas
Regions with significant populations
 Brazil88M[3]
 Mexico18M–59M (52M)[4][5][6]
 Argentina30M–38M (34M)[2][7]
 Colombia8.4M–13M (10.7M)[2][8]
 Chile12M[2]
 Venezuela4.1M–13M (8.55M)[2][9][10]
 Peru7.175M[11]
 Cuba4.1M–7.16M (5.63M)[2][12]
 Costa Rica3.3M[2]
 Uruguay2.9M[13]
 Paraguay1.1M–2.1M (1.6M)[14]
 Dominican Republic1.2M–1.6M (1.4M)[2][15]
 Ecuador1.3M[2]
 Bolivia1.2M[2]
 El Salvador0.812M[16]
 Nicaragua0.71M[2][17]
 Puerto Rico0.56M[18]
 Guatemala0.455M[2]
 Panama0.366M[19]
 Honduras0.09M[20]
Languages
Major languages
Spanish and Portuguese
Minor languages
Italian, French, English, German, Dutch, and other languages[21]
Religion
Christianity (mainly Roman Catholicism, with minority Protestantism),[22]
Minority: Judaism
Related ethnic groups
Mestizos, Spaniards, Portuguese, French, Italians, Romanians, British, Irish, Germans, Danes, Norwegians, Dutch, Belgians, Swedes, Poles, Ukrainians, Russians, Croats, Swiss, Hungarians, Greeks, Jews, Arabs, Armenians

White Latin Americans or European Latin Americans (sometimes Euro-Latinos[23][24]) are Latin Americans of European descent.[25]

Direct descendants of European settlers who arrived in the Americas during the colonial and post-colonial periods can be found throughout Latin America. Most immigrants who settled the region for the past five centuries were Spanish and Portuguese; after independence, the most numerous non-Iberian immigrants were French, Italians, and Germans, followed by other Europeans as well as West Asians (such as Levantine Arabs and Armenians).[26][27][28]

Composing from 33% of the population as of 2010, according to some sources,[1][2][29] White Latin Americans constitute the second largest racial-ethnic group after mestizo people (Amerindian and European mixed) in the region. Latin American countries have often tolerated interethnic marriage since the beginning of the colonial period.[30][31] White (Spanish: blanco or güero; Portuguese: branco) is the self-identification of many Latin Americans in some national censuses. According to a survey conducted by Cohesión Social in Latin America, conducted on a sample of 10,000 people from seven countries of the region, 34% of those interviewed identified themselves as white.[32]

  1. ^ a b CIA data from The World Factbook's Field Listing :: Ethnic groups and Field Listing :: Population, retrieved on May 09 2011. They show 191,543,213 whites from a total population of 579,092,570. For a few countries the percentage of white population is not provided as a standalone figure, and thus that datum is considered to be not available; for example, in Chile's case the CIA states "white and white-Amerindian 95.4%". Unequivocal data are given for the following: Argentina 41,769,726 * 97% white = 40,516,634; Bolivia 10,118,683 * 5% white = 505,934; Brazil 203,429,773 * 53.7% white = 109,241,788; Colombia 44,725,543 * 20% white = 8,945,109; Cuba 11,087,330 * 65.1% white = 7,217,852; Dominican Republic 9,956,648 * 16% white = 1,593,064; El Salvador 6,071,774 * 9% white = 546,460; Honduras 8,143,564 * 1% white = 81,436; Mexico 113,724,226 * 9% white = 10,235,180; Nicaragua 5,666,301 * 17% white = 963,272; Panama 3,460,462 * 10% white = 346,046; Peru 29,248,943 * 15% white = 4,387,342; Puerto Rico 3,989,133 * 76.2% white = 3,039,719; Uruguay 3,308,535 * 88% white = 2,911,511. Total white population in these countries: 191,543,213, i.e 33.07% of the region's population.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Lizcano Fernández, Francisco (August 2005). "Composición Étnica de las Tres Áreas Culturales del Continente Americano al Comienzo del Siglo XXI" [Ethnic Composition of the Three Cultural Areas of the American Continent at the Beginning of the 21st Century]. Convergencia (in Spanish). 12 (38): 185–232.
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference Igbe Brasil 2022 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ Approximately two fifths"Mexico: Ethnic groups". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved March 8, 2024.
  5. ^ "21 de Marzo: Día Internacional de la Eliminación de la Discriminación Racial" [March 21: International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination] (PDF) (in Spanish). Mexico: CONAPRED. 2017. p. 7. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 25, 2017. Retrieved August 23, 2017.
  6. ^ "Encuesta Nacional Sobre Discriminación en Mexico 2010" [National Survey on Discrimination in Mexico 2010] (PDF) (in Spanish). Mexico: CONAPRED. June 2011. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 8, 2012. Retrieved August 24, 2017.
  7. ^ Homburger, J. R.; Moreno-Estrada, A.; Gignoux, C. R.; Nelson, D.; Sanchez, E.; Ortiz-Tello, P.; Pons-Estel, B. A.; Acevedo-Vasquez, E.; Miranda, P.; Langefeld, C. D.; Gravel, S.; Alarcón-Riquelme, M. E.; Bustamante, C. D. (2015). "Genomic Insights into the Ancestry and Demographic History of South America". PLOS Genetics. 11 (12): e1005602. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005602. PMC 4670080. PMID 26636962.
  8. ^ "Raza/Etnia a la que pertenece". Latinobarómetro 2023 Colombia. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  9. ^ "Resultado Básico del XIV Censo Nacional de Población y Vivienda 2011 (Mayo 2014)" (PDF). Ine.gov.ve. p. 29. Retrieved 8 September 2014.
  10. ^ Cite error: The named reference ine.gob.ve was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ Abuhadba Rodrigues, Daniel (1 January 2007). "Inmigración Europea al Perú". Biblioteca Universitaria de la UNSAAC.
  12. ^ The Official 2012 Cuba Census Archived June 3, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
  13. ^ "Uruguay: People and Society". CIA World Factbook. Retrieved 5 February 2014.
  14. ^ Pastore, Carlos (1972). La lucha por la tierra en el Paraguay: Proceso histórico y legislativo. Antequera. p. 526.
  15. ^ "D.R.: People; Ethnic groups". CIA World Factbook. Retrieved 2007-11-26.
  16. ^ "El Salvador-The World Factbook". CIA.gov. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
  17. ^ Nuñez, Carolina; Baeta, Miriam; Sosa, Cecilia; Casalod, Yolanda; Ge, Jianye; Budowle, Bruce; Martínez-Jarreta, Begoña (December 2010). "Reconstructing the population history of Nicaragua by means of mtDNA, Y-chromosome STRs, and autosomal STR markers". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 143 (4): 591–600. doi:10.1002/ajpa.21355. PMID 20721944.
  18. ^ "2020 Census Illuminates Racial and Ethnic Composition of the Country". United States Census. Retrieved 17 August 2021.
  19. ^ José Reyes Alveo. "Población panameña (página 2)". Monografias.com. Retrieved 8 October 2017.
  20. ^ "Honduras; People; Ethnic groups". CIA World Factbook. Retrieved 2007-11-21.
  21. ^ More precisely, these are the chief languages of Latin America, as per CIA – The World Factbook – Field Listing :: Languages, accessed 2010-02-24.
  22. ^ The religious profile of the Latin American countries can be seen in CIA – The World Factbook – Field Listing :: Religions (accessed 2010-02-24). As such, it is not the religious profile of white Latin Americans in particular, but is a good indication of white religious affiliation in the region's white-majority countries, especially.
  23. ^ Ramón Grosfoguel, Nelson Maldonado-Torres, José David Saldívar (April 15, 2006). "Latin@s in the World-System: Decolonization Struggles in the 21st Century U.S. Empire". dlcl.stanford.edu. Latino/as are multiracial (Afro-Latinos, Indo-Latinos, Asian-Latinos, and Euro-Latinos){{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  24. ^ Various (2001). "Introduction". In Agustín Laó-Montes and Arlene Dávila (ed.). Mambo Montage: The Latinization of New York City. Columbia University Press. For instance, in the global chain of otherness, upper-class Euro-Latinos can be located... (p. 10)
  25. ^ Chambers, Sarah C. (2003). "Little Middle Ground The Instability of a Mestizo Identity in the Andes, 18th and 19th centuries". In Nancy P. Appelbaum (ed.). Race and Nation in Modern Latin American. University of North Carolina Press. This blending of culture and genealogy is also reflected in the use of the terms "Spanish" and "white". For most of the colonial period, Americans of European descent were simply referred to as "Spaniards"; beginning in the late 18th century, the term "blanco" (white) came into increasing but not exclusive use. Even those of presumably mixed ancestry may have felt justified in claiming to be Spanish (and later white) if they participated in the dominant culture by, for example, speaking Spanish and wearing European clothing.(p. 33)
  26. ^ Cite error: The named reference britsa was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  27. ^ Schrover, Marlou. "Migration to Latin America". Retrieved 2010-02-24.[permanent dead link]
  28. ^ CELADE (Organization) (2001). International migration and development in the Americas. Naciones Unidas, CEPAL/ECLAC, Population Division, Latin American and Caribbean Demographic Centre (CELADE). ISBN 9789211213287.
  29. ^ Lizcano Fernández, Francisco (2004). "Las etnias centroamericanas en la segunda mitad del siglo XX" (PDF). Revista Mexicana del Caribe. IX (17). Retrieved 2011-05-04.
  30. ^ Schaefer, Richard T., ed. (2008). Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity and Society. Sage. p. 900. ISBN 978-1-4129-2694-2. In New Spain, there was no strict idea of race (something that continued in Mexico). The Indians that had lost their connections with their communities and had adopted different cultural elements could "pass" and be considered mestizos. The same applied to blacks and castas. Rather, the factor that distinguished the various social groups was their calidad ("quality"); this concept was related to an idea of blood as conferring status, but there were also other elements, such as occupation and marriage, that could have the effect of blanqueamiento (whitening) on people and influence their upward social mobility.
  31. ^ Schaefer, Richard T., ed. (2008). Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity and Society. Sage. p. 1096. ISBN 978-1-4129-2694-2. The variation of racial groupings between nations is at least partially explained by an unstable coupling between historical patterns of colonization and miscegenation. First, divergent patterns of colonization may account for differences in the construction of racial groupings, as evidenced in Latin America, which was colonized primarily by the Spanish. The Spanish colonials had a longer history of tolerance of non-White racial groupings through their interactions with the Moors and North African social groups, as well as a different understanding of the rights of colonized subjects and a different pattern of economic development.
  32. ^ Cite error: The named reference schwartzman was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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