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Chinese Filipino

Chinese Filipinos
咱儂 / 咱人 / 華菲人
Chinoy / Tsinoy / Lannang
Chinito (m.) / Chinita (f.)
A Filipina Chinese maiden wearing the Maria Clara gown called Traje de Mestiza, dated 4 November 1913.
Total population
Ethnic or pure Chinese : 1.35 million (as of 2013, according to the Senate)[1][2]
Filipinos with Chinese descent : 22.8 million (as of 2013, according to the Senate)[3]
Regions with significant populations
Metro Manila, Baguio, Metro Cebu, Metro Bacolod, Metro Davao, Bohol, Cagayan de Oro, Iloilo, Leyte, Pangasinan, Pampanga, Tarlac, Vigan, Laoag, Laguna, Rizal, Lucena, Bicol, Zamboanga City, Sulu, Iligan, Cotabato and Butuan
Languages
Filipino (Tagalog), Cebuano, Ilocano, Hiligaynon, Waray, Bikol, Kapampangan, Pangasinense, Maguindanaon, Chavacano, English and other languages of the Philippines
Hokkien, Mandarin, Cantonese, Taishanese, Teochew, Hakka and various other varieties of Chinese
Religion
Predominantly Christianity (Roman Catholicism, Protestantism, P.I.C, Iglesia ni Cristo)
Minority Islam, Buddhism, Taoism, Mazuism, Traditional Chinese Folk Religion
Related ethnic groups
Sangley, Mestizo de Sangley
Overseas Chinese, Chinese Singaporeans, Chinese Indonesians, Chinese Malaysians, Han Taiwanese, Thai Chinese, etc.
Chinese Filipino
Traditional Chinese咱儂
Simplified Chinese咱人
Hokkien POJLán-nâng / Nán-nâng / Lán-lâng
Chinese Filipino
Traditional Chinese華菲人
Simplified Chinese华菲人
Wade–GilesHua2-fei1-jen2
Hanyu PinyinHuáfēirén

Chinese Filipinos[a] (sometimes referred as Filipino Chinese in the Philippines) are Filipinos of Chinese descent with ancestry mainly from Fujian,[4] but are typically born and raised in the Philippines.[4] Chinese Filipinos are one of the largest overseas Chinese communities in Southeast Asia.[5]

Chinese immigration to the Philippines occurred mostly during the Spanish colonization of the islands between the 16th and 19th centuries, attracted by the lucrative trade of the Manila galleons. In the 19th century, migration was triggered by the corrupt and bad governance of the late Qing dynasty, combined with economic problems in China due to the Western and Japanese colonial wars and Opium Wars.[6] It subsequently continued during the 20th century, from American colonial times, through the post-independence era to Cold War, to the present. In 2013, according to older records held by the Senate of the Philippines, there were approximately 1.35 million ethnic (or pure) Chinese within the Philippine population, while Filipinos with any Chinese descent comprised 22.8 million of the population.[1][7] However, the actual current figures are not known since the Philippine census does not usually take into account questions about ethnicity.[8][7] Accordingly, the oldest Chinatown in the world is located in Binondo, Manila founded on December 8, 1594.

Chinese Filipinos are a well established middle class ethnic group and are well represented in all levels of Filipino society.[9] Chinese Filipinos also play a leading role in the Philippine business sector and dominate the Philippine economy today.[10][9][11][12][13] Most in the current list of the Philippines' richest each year comprise Taipan billionaires of Chinese Filipino background.[14] Some in the list of the political families in the Philippines are also of Chinese Filipino background, meanwhile the bulk are also of Spanish-colonial-era Chinese mestizo (mestizo de Sangley) descent, of which, many families of such background also compose a considerable part of the Philippine population especially its bourgeois,[15][16] who during the late Spanish Colonial Era in the late 19th century, produced a major part of the ilustrado intelligentsia of the late Spanish Colonial Philippines, that were very influential with the creation of Filipino nationalism and the sparking of the Philippine Revolution as part of the foundation of the First Philippine Republic and subsequent sovereign independent Philippines.[17]

  1. ^ a b Macrohon, Pilar (January 21, 2013). "Senate declares Chinese New Year as special working holiday" (Press release). PRIB, Office of the Senate Secretary, Senate of the Philippines. Archived from the original on May 16, 2021.
  2. ^ "The ethnic Chinese variable in domestic and foreign policies in Malaysia and Indonesia" (PDF). p. 96. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 1, 2018. Retrieved April 23, 2012.
  3. ^ Macrohon, Pilar (January 21, 2013). "Senate declares Chinese New Year as special working holiday" (Press release). PRIB, Office of the Senate Secretary, Senate of the Philippines. Archived from the original on April 9, 2016. Retrieved January 26, 2013.
  4. ^ a b Palanca, Ellen H. (2002). "A Comparative Study of Chinese Education in the Philippines and Malaysia" (PDF). Asian Studies. 38 (2): 31–42. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 17, 2022. Retrieved November 22, 2021.
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference ocac.gov.tw was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ Pedrasa, Ira P. (December 29, 2023). "Tracing hardy Chinoy roots in Fujian". INQUIRER.net. Archived from the original on January 7, 2024. Retrieved January 7, 2024.
  7. ^ a b Carter, Lauren (1995). The ethnic Chinese variable in domestic and foreign policies in Malaysia and Indonesia (PDF) (Master of Arts thesis). Simon Fraser University. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 1, 2018. Retrieved April 23, 2012.
  8. ^ Buchholt, Helmut (1993). Sangley, Intsik und Sino: die chinesische Haendlerminoritaet in den Philippine. Working paper / Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Soziologie, Forschungsschwerpunkt Entwicklungssoziologie, 0936-3408. Universität Bielefeld. Archived from the original on November 14, 2017. Retrieved January 31, 2014.
  9. ^ a b Chua, Amy (2003). World On Fire. Knopf Doubleday Publishing. p. 6. ISBN 978-0-385-72186-8.
  10. ^ Chua, Amy (2003). World On Fire. Knopf Doubleday Publishing. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-385-72186-8.
  11. ^ Gambe, Annabelle (2000). Overseas Chinese Entrepreneurship and Capitalist Development in Southeast Asia. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 33. ISBN 978-0-312-23496-6.
  12. ^ Folk, Brian (2003). Ethnic Business: Chinese Capitalism in Southeast Asia. Routledge. p. 93. ISBN 978-1-138-81107-2.
  13. ^ Chirot, Daniel; Reid, Anthony (October 2011). Essential Outsiders: Chinese and Jews in the Modern Transformation of Southeast Asia and Central Europe. University of Washington Press. ISBN 978-0-295-80026-4. Archived from the original on February 18, 2023. Retrieved May 6, 2012 – via Google Books.
  14. ^ LaFranco, Rob; Peterson-Withorn, Chase, eds. (2023). "Forbes World's Billionaires List". Forbes. Archived from the original on January 4, 2019. Retrieved May 31, 2023.
  15. ^ Chirot, Daniel; Reid, Anthony (1997). Essential Outsiders: Chinese and Jews in the Modern Transformation of Southeast Asia and Central Europe. University of Washington Press. p. 54. ISBN 978-0-295-80026-4. Archived from the original on February 18, 2023. Retrieved May 14, 2021.
  16. ^ Cite error: The named reference :6 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  17. ^ Tan, Antonio S. (1986). "The Chinese Mestizos and the Formation of the Filipino Nationality". Archipel. 32: 141–162. doi:10.3406/arch.1986.2316. Archived from the original on October 20, 2021. Retrieved October 21, 2021 – via Persée.


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