Demographics of Singapore

Demographics of Singapore
Population pyramid of Singapore as of 2020
Population	5,637,000 (2023)[1]
Birth rate	8.6 births/1,000 population (2021)[1]
Death rate	5.8 deaths/1,000 population (2021)[1]
Life expectancy	83.0 years (2022)[1]
• male	80.7 years (2022)[1]
• female	85.3 years (2022)[1]
Fertility rate	0.97 (2023)[1]
Infant mortality rate	1.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2021)[1]
Age structure
0–14 years	14.54%
15–64 years	70.26%
65 and over	15.20%
Nationality
Nationality	noun: Singaporean(s) adjective: Singaporean
Major ethnic	Chinese, Malay, Indian, Eurasian
Language
Official	English, Mandarin, Malay, Tamil
Spoken	English, Singlish, Mandarin, Malay, Tamil and others

As of June 2023, the population of Singapore stands at 5.92 million.^[2] Of these 5.92 million people, 4.15 million are residents, consisting of 3.61 million citizens and 540,000 permanent residents (PRs). The remaining 1.77 million people living in Singapore are classed as non-residents, a group consisting mainly of resident workers without political rights who are routinely excluded from official demographic statistics.

Singapore is a multiracial, multiethnic, and multicultural Asian society. Major religions include Buddhism, Christianity, Islam, Taoism, and Hinduism. Its people are broadly organised under the CMIO (Chinese–Malay–Indian–Other) system of categorisation. Although Malays are recognised as the indigenous community,^[3][4][5][6] 75.9% of the citizens and permanent resident visa holders are ethnic Chinese, with ethnic Malay and Indians comprising 15.0% and 7.5% respectively. Together, the three largest ethnic groups comprise 98.4% of the citizen population.^[7] The remaining 1.6% comprises members of "Other" races, which comprises largely Eurasians. Despite long term occupancy, Singapore excludes 29% of the population as non-residents for the purpose of resident statistics.^[7] Officially, mixed-race Singaporeans are often regarded as having the race of their father. However, race categorisation, for example on an individual's identity card, may also reflect both ethnicities of their parents.^[8]

There are four official languages in Singapore: English, Malay, Mandarin and Tamil. Malay is the symbolic national language, while English is the main working language.^[9] Education in Singapore is bilingual, with English being the medium of instruction. Students are also required to learn a second language, usually Malay, Mandarin, or Tamil.^[10][11] Singlish, a local creole and accent, is often used in colloquial speech between all native races of Singapore. There is also Singdarin, a Mandarin creole.

The annual total population growth rate for the year 2020 was -0.3%.^[12][13] Singapore's resident total fertility rate (TFR) was 1.10 in 2020; the Singaporean Chinese, Malay and Indian fertility rates were 0.94, 1.83 and 0.97 respectively.^[14]