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Chun Doo-hwan

In this Korean name, the family name is Chun.

Chun Doo-hwan
전두환
Official portrait, c. 1980–1988
5th President of South Korea[a]
In office
1 September 1980 – 24 February 1988
Prime Minister
Preceded byChoi Kyu-hah
Pak Choong-hoon (acting)
Succeeded byRoh Tae-woo
President of the Democratic Justice Party
In office
15 January 1981 – 10 July 1987
Preceded byPosition established
Succeeded byRoh Tae-woo
Personal details
Born(1931-01-18)18 January 1931
Gosen, South Keisho, Korea, Empire of Japan
(now in Hapcheon County, South Gyeongsang Province, South Korea)[1]
Died23 November 2021(2021-11-23) (aged 90)
Yeonhui-dong, Seoul, South Korea
Political partyDemocratic Justice
Spouse
​
(m. 1958)​
Children4
Alma materKorea Military Academy (BS)
ReligionKorean Buddhism
prev. Roman Catholic
Signature
Military service
AllegianceSouth Korea
Branch/serviceRepublic of Korea Army
Years of service1951–1987
RankGeneral
CommandsDefense Security Command, KCIA
Battles/warsVietnam War
Korean name
Hangul
전두환
Hanja
全斗煥
Revised RomanizationJeon Duhwan
McCune–ReischauerChŏn Tuhwan
Art name
Hangul
일해
Hanja
日海
Revised RomanizationIlhae
McCune–ReischauerIrhae
Courtesy name
Hangul
용성
Hanja
勇星
Revised RomanizationYongseong
McCune–ReischauerYongsŏng

Chun Doo-hwan (Korean: 전두환; Korean pronunciation: [tɕʌnduɦwɐn] or [tɕʌn] [tuɦwɐn]; 18 January 1931 – 23 November 2021) was a South Korean army general and military dictator[2][3][4][5] who ruled as an unelected strongman from 1979 to 1980 before replacing Choi Kyu-hah as president of South Korea from 1980 to 1988.[a][6][7]

Chun usurped power after the 1979 assassination of president Park Chung Hee. Park was himself a military dictator who had ruled since 1961. Chun orchestrated the 12 December 1979 military coup, then cemented his military dictatorship in the 17 May 1980 military coup in which he declared martial law and later set up a concentration camp for "purificatory education". He established the Fifth Republic of Korea on 3 March 1981. He governed under a constitution somewhat less authoritarian than Park's Fourth Republic, but still held very broad executive power. During his tenure, South Korea's economy would grow at its highest rate ever achieving South Korea's first trade surplus in 1986.[8] After the June Struggle democratization movement of 1987, Chun conceded to allowing the December 1987 presidential election to be free and open. It was won by his close friend and ally Roh Tae-woo, who would continue many of Chun's policies during his own rule into the 1990s.[9]

In 1996, Chun was sentenced to death for his role in the suppression of the Gwangju Uprising which led to the deaths of hundreds, possibly thousands, of citizens. Chun was pardoned the following year, along with Roh Tae-woo who had been sentenced to 17 years, by President Kim Young-sam, on the advice of the incoming President-elect Kim Dae-jung whom Chun's administration had sentenced to death some 20 years earlier.[10][11] Chun and Roh were fined $203 million and $248 million respectively, amounts that were embezzled through corruption during their regimes, which were mostly never paid.[12][13]

In his final years, Chun was criticized for his unapologetic stance and the lack of remorse for his actions as a dictator and his wider regime.[3][14] Chun died on 23 November 2021 at the age of 90 after a relapse of myeloma.[4]


Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).

  1. ^ "Chun Doo Hwan". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2009. Retrieved 2 November 2009.
  2. ^ Borowiec, Steven (29 November 2015). "South Korea's ex-dictator Chun Doo-hwan tries to keep low profile in his twilight years". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
  3. ^ a b Goh, Da-Sol (17 December 2019). "Ex-S Korea dictator is belligerently unrepentant". Asia Times. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
  4. ^ a b Sang-Hun, Choe (23 November 2021). "Chun Doo-hwan, Ex-Military Dictator in South Korea, Dies at 90". The New York Times. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
  5. ^ "Scars still raw 40 years after dictator crushed South Korea uprising". South China Morning Post. 17 May 2020. Retrieved 28 March 2022. On May 18, 1980 demonstrators protesting against dictator Chun Doo-hwan's declaration of martial law confronted his troops and 10 days of violence ensued.
  6. ^ Sang-Hun, Choe (23 November 2021). "Chun Doo-hwan, Ex-Military Dictator in South Korea, Dies at 90". The New York Times Times. Retrieved 8 January 2022.
  7. ^ "Former South Korean military dictator Chun Doo-hwan dies at 90". Reuters. CNN. 23 November 2021. Retrieved 8 January 2022.
  8. ^ Lee Chul-ho (24 June 2021). "On the economy, a saint".
  9. ^ Hideko Takayama (19 June 2000). "Ghosts Of Cheju". Newsweek. Retrieved 30 March 2009.
  10. ^ Mufson, Steven (21 December 1997). "Two Jailed Leaders Pardoned in South Korea". Washington Post. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
  11. ^ Han, In Sup (2005). "Kwangju and beyond: Coping with past State Atrocities in South Korea". Human Rights Quarterly. 27 (3): 998–1045. doi:10.1353/hrq.2005.0037. ISSN 0275-0392. JSTOR 20069818. S2CID 144780531.
  12. ^ "Hunt for former South Korean tyrant Chun Doo-hwan's HK$1.1b cash stash". South China Morning Post. 25 June 2013. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
  13. ^ Sang′-Hun, Choe (10 September 2013). "Family of Former South Korean Dictator to Pay His Fines". The New York Times. Retrieved 28 March 2022. In 1997, Mr. Chun was sentenced to life in prison and Mr. Roh to 17 years. Although they were later pardoned and freed, Mr. Chun and Mr. Roh failed to pay the $203 million and $248 million that they were fined.
  14. ^ Cite error: The named reference Chun libel Gwangju was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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