Alleged Violations of the 1955 Treaty of Amity (Iran v. United States)

Alleged Violations of the 1955 Treaty of Amity, Economic Relations, and Consular Rights (Islamic Republic of Iran v. United States of America)
Court	International Court of Justice
Decided	3 October 2018; 3 February 2021
Case opinions
https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/175

Alleged Violations of the 1955 Treaty of Amity, Economic Relations, and Consular Rights (Islamic Republic of Iran v. United States of America) is the formal name of a case in the International Court of Justice (ICJ). Iran filed a lawsuit with the Hague-based ICJ against the United States, on 16 July 2018, mainly^[1] based on the 1955 Treaty of Amity signed between the two sides on 15 August 1955 and entered into force in 1957, well before the Islamic revolution of Iran.^[2] Iranian officials alleged that U.S. re-imposition of the nuclear sanctions was a violation of the treaty.^[1] Iran also filed a request for provisional measures. In response, the United States asserted that the lawsuit as "baseless" and vowed to oppose it.^[2] Almost a month later, the ICJ heard the provisional measures request.^[3] On 3 October 2018, the International Court of Justice issued a provisional measures order requiring the United States "to lift sanctions linked to humanitarian goods and civil aviation imposed against Iran."^[4][5]

On 23 August 2019, the United States raised preliminary objections to the jurisdiction of the Court and the admissibility of the Application. In accordance with the Rules of Court, the proceedings on the merits of the case were then suspended.^[6]

On 3 February 2021, the ICJ delivered its Judgment on the preliminary objections raised by the United States of America, rejecting the arguments and finding that it had jurisdiction to entertain the case.^[7] The case was then scheduled to proceed to the merits, with the United States scheduled to file its Counter-Memorial by 20 September 2021. In March 2023, the court released its final judgement on the merits.^[8]