Campaign Z

Campaign Z
Part of Laotian Civil War; Vietnam War
The Plain of Jars, the area in and around which Campaign Z was mainly fought, is highlighted in blue
Date 17 December 1971 – 30 January 1972 Location Xiangkhouang Province Result People's Army of Vietnam fails to take Long Tieng Territorial changes People's Army of Vietnam temporarily takes Skyline Ridge outside Long Tieng
Belligerents
North Vietnam Supported by:  Soviet Union  People's Republic of China	Kingdom of Laos  Thailand Supported by  United States
Commanders and leaders
Le Trong Tan	Vang Pao
Units involved
335th Independent Regiment 174th Regiment Mechanized Infantry 27th Sapper Battalion 195th Armored Battalion 312th Division 148th Regiment 14th Antiaircraft Battalion	Groupement Mobile 21 Groupement Mobile 23 Groupement Mobile 22 Groupement Mobile 31 Groupement Mobile 30 Royalist guerrilla battalions Thai mercenary units including BC 609[1]

Campaign Z (17 December 1971 – 30 January 1972) was a military offensive by the People's Army of Vietnam; it was a combined arms thrust designed to defeat the last Royal Lao Army troops defending the Kingdom of Laos. The Communist assault took Skyline Ridge overlooking the vital Royalist base of Long Tieng and forced the restationing of Royalist aviation assets and civilian refugees. However, Communist forces eventually receded back onto their lines of communication without capturing the base.

Campaign Z was notable for escalations of the Laotian Civil War conflict. The Vietnamese Communists brought 130 mm field guns and T-34 tanks into action in Laos for the first time. The Vietnamese People's Air Force also launched MiG 21 attacks into Lao air space to challenge the Royalist side's air supremacy. On its side, the Royal Lao Government and its Central Intelligence Agency backers imported copious numbers of mercenaries from the Kingdom of Thailand as reinforcements, and depended on American air power support, including Arc Light strikes by B-52 Stratofortresses. The Kingdom would narrowly survive Campaign Z.