Chiapas conflict

Chiapas conflict
The State of Chiapas
Date 1994 – 2020 Location Chiapas, Mexico Status Armistice (San Andrés Accords of 1996) Paramilitary conflicts
Belligerents
Mexico  United States Sinaloa Cartel Gulf Cartel Jalisco New Generation Cartel Los Zetas Juárez Cartel[1]	Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN) Popular Revolutionary Army[2] Supported by:  Venezuela (1999–2013)[3]
Commanders and leaders
Carlos Salinas de Gortari (1994) Manuel Camacho Solís (1994) Ernesto Zedillo (1994–99) Arturo Guzmán Decena (Until 1997)  † Bill Clinton (1994–98)	Subcomandante Marcos (1994) Comandanta Ramona (1994–2005)
Units involved
Armed Forces National Guard Federal Police (2006–19) State and municipal police forces	Unknown
Strength
Unknown	Unknown
Casualties and losses
Unknown	Unknown
In total 316 deaths[4]

The Chiapas conflict (Spanish: Conflicto de Chiapas) comprised the 1994 Zapatista uprising, the 1995 Zapatista crisis and ensued tension between the Mexican state and the indigenous peoples and subsistence farmers of Chiapas from the 1990s to the 2010s.^[5]

The Zapatista uprising started in January 1994, and lasted less than two weeks, before a ceasefire was agreed upon.^[6] The principal belligerents of subsection of the conflict were the Zapatista Army of National Liberation (Spanish: Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional; EZLN) and the government of Mexico.^[6] Negotiations between the government and Zapatistas led to agreements being signed, but were often not complied with in the following years as the peace process stagnated. This resulted in an increasing division between communities with ties to the government and communities that sympathized with the Zapatistas. Social tensions, armed conflict and para-military incidents increased, culminating in the killing of 45 people in the village of Acteal in 1997 by an anti-Zapatista militia with ties to the Mexican government.^[7] Though at a low level, rebel activity continued and violence occasionally erupted between Zapatista supporters and anti-Zapatista militias along with the government. The last related incident occurred in 2014, when a Zapatista-affiliated teacher was killed and 15 more wounded in Chiapas.^[8] The armed conflict ended in the late 2010s.^[9]