Music of Canada

The music of Canada reflects the diverse influences that have shaped the country.^[1] Indigenous Peoples, the Irish, British, and the French have all made unique contributions to the musical heritage of Canada.^[2] The music has also subsequently been influenced by American culture because of the proximity between the two countries.^[3] Since French explorer Samuel de Champlain arrived in 1605 and established the first permanent French settlements at Port Royal and Québec in 1608, the country has produced its own composers, musicians and ensembles.^[4]^[5]

Canadian music reflects a variety of regional scenes.^[6] Government support programs, such as the Canada Music Fund, assist a wide range of musicians and entrepreneurs who create, produce and market original and diverse Canadian music.^[7] The Canadian music industry is the sixth-largest in the world, producing internationally renowned composers, musicians and ensembles.^[8] Music broadcasting in the country is regulated by the CRTC.^[9] The Canadian Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences presents Canada's music industry awards, the Juno Awards, which were first awarded in 1970.^[10] The Canadian Music Hall of Fame, established in 1976, honours Canadian musicians for their lifetime achievements.^[11]

Patriotic music in Canada dates back over 200 years as a distinct category from British patriotism, preceding Canadian Confederation by over 50 years. The earliest work of patriotic music in Canada, "The Bold Canadian", was written in 1812.^[12] The national anthem, "O Canada", was originally commissioned by the lieutenant governor of Quebec, Théodore Robitaille, for the 1880 St. Jean-Baptiste Day ceremony and was officially adopted in 1980.^[13] Calixa Lavallée wrote the music, which was a setting of a patriotic poem composed by the poet and judge Sir Adolphe-Basile Routhier. The text was originally only in French before it was adapted into English in 1906.^[14]

^ "History of Canada in music". Historica Foundation of Canada. Archived from the original on 2017-09-27. Retrieved 2009-10-28.
^ eds Beveley Diamond & Robert Witmer (1994). Canadian Music-Issues of Hegemony & Identity. Canadian Scholars Press.
^ edited by Kenneth G. Pryke, Walter C. Soderlund (2000). Profiles of Canada. Boulder, Colo. NetLibrary. ISBN 0-585-27925-X. {{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help)
^ Amtmann, Willy. Cambridge, Ont. (1975). Music in Canada 1600–1800. Habitex Books. p. 320. ISBN 0-88912-020-X.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ La Musique au Québec 1600–1875. Montreal - Les Éditions de l'Homme. 1976. ISBN 0-7759-0517-8. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
^ Shane Homan, ed. (13 January 2022). The Bloomsbury Handbook of Popular Music Policy. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p. 179. ISBN 978-1-5013-4534-0. OCLC 1268122769.
^ Shane Homan; Martin Cloonan; Jen Cattermole, eds. (2 October 2017). Popular Music and Cultural Policy. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-65952-5.
^ Hull, Geoffrey P.; Hutchison, Thomas William; Strasser, Richard (2011). The Music Business and Recording Industry: Delivering Music in the 21st Century. Taylor & Francis. p. 304. ISBN 978-0-415-87560-8.
^ Acheson, Archibald Lloyd Keith; Maule, Christopher John (2009). Much Ado about Culture: North American Trade Disputes. University of Michigan Press. p. 181. ISBN 978-0-472-02241-0.
^ Edwardson, Ryan (2008). Canadian Content: Culture and the Quest for Nationhood. University of Toronto Press. p. 127. ISBN 978-0-8020-9759-0.
^ Hoffmann, Frank (2004). Encyclopedia of Recorded Sound. Routledge. p. 324. ISBN 978-1-135-94950-1.
^ Jortner, Adam (2011). The Gods of Prophetstown: The Battle of Tippecanoe and the Holy War for the American Frontier. Oxford University Press. p. 217. ISBN 978-0-19-976529-4.
^ Kallmann, Helmut; Potvin, Gilles (February 7, 2018). "O Canada". Encyclopedia of Music in Canada. Archived from the original on December 3, 2013. Retrieved November 27, 2013.
^ "Hymne national du Canada". Canadian Heritage. June 23, 2008. Archived from the original on January 29, 2009. Retrieved June 26, 2008.

[Historica-1] "History of Canada in music". Historica Foundation of Canada. Archived from the original on 2017-09-27. Retrieved 2009-10-28.

[Scholars-2] s Beveley Diamond & Robert Witmer (1994). Canadian Music-Issues of Hegemony & Identity. Canadian Scholars Press.

[3] ted by Kenneth G. Pryke, Walter C. Soderlund (2000). Profiles of Canada. Boulder, Colo. NetLibrary. ISBN 0-585-27925-X. {{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help)

[Willy-4] Amtmann, Willy. Cambridge, Ont. (1975). Music in Canada 1600–1800. Habitex Books. p. 320. ISBN 0-88912-020-X.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[Mich-5] La Musique au Québec 1600–1875. Montreal - Les Éditions de l'Homme. 1976. ISBN 0-7759-0517-8. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)

[Homan2022-6] Shane Homan, ed. (13 January 2022). The Bloomsbury Handbook of Popular Music Policy. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p. 179. ISBN 978-1-5013-4534-0. OCLC 1268122769.

[HomanCloonanCattermole2017-7] Shane Homan; Martin Cloonan; Jen Cattermole, eds. (2 October 2017). Popular Music and Cultural Policy. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-65952-5.

[HullHutchison2011a-8] Hull, Geoffrey P.; Hutchison, Thomas William; Strasser, Richard (2011). The Music Business and Recording Industry: Delivering Music in the 21st Century. Taylor & Francis. p. 304. ISBN 978-0-415-87560-8.

[AchesonMaule2009-9] Acheson, Archibald Lloyd Keith; Maule, Christopher John (2009). Much Ado about Culture: North American Trade Disputes. University of Michigan Press. p. 181. ISBN 978-0-472-02241-0.

[10] Edwardson, Ryan (2008). Canadian Content: Culture and the Quest for Nationhood. University of Toronto Press. p. 127. ISBN 978-0-8020-9759-0.

[Hoffmann2004-11] Hoffmann, Frank (2004). Encyclopedia of Recorded Sound. Routledge. p. 324. ISBN 978-1-135-94950-1.

[12] Jortner, Adam (2011). The Gods of Prophetstown: The Battle of Tippecanoe and the Holy War for the American Frontier. Oxford University Press. p. 217. ISBN 978-0-19-976529-4.

[13] Kallmann, Helmut; Potvin, Gilles (February 7, 2018). "O Canada". Encyclopedia of Music in Canada. Archived from the original on December 3, 2013. Retrieved November 27, 2013.

[14] "Hymne national du Canada". Canadian Heritage. June 23, 2008. Archived from the original on January 29, 2009. Retrieved June 26, 2008.

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