Second Philippine Republic

Republic of the Philippines
*Repúbliká ng Pilipinas* (Tagalog)
*República de Filipinas* (Spanish)
フィリピン共和国 (Japanese)
*Firipin-kyōwakoku*
Republic of the Philippines Repúbliká ng Pilipinas (Tagalog); República de Filipinas (Spanish); フィリピン共和国 (Japanese); Firipin-kyōwakoku;
1943–1945
	Flag Coat of arms
	Motto: ; "Kapayapaan, Kalayaan, Katarungan" "Peace, Freedom, Justice"
	Anthem: Diwà ng Bayan; (English: "Spirit of the Nation"); ; Awit sa Paglikha ng Bagong Pilipinas; (English: "Hymn to the Creation of the New Philippines")
	Great Seal:; Dakilang Sagisag ng Pilipinas (Tagalog); Great Seal of the Philippines
	The Philippines (dark red) within the Empire of Japan (light red) at its furthest extent
Status	Puppet state of the Empire of Japan
Capital	Manila (1942–1945); Baguio (1945)
Common languages	Tagalog; Spanish; English; Japanese; Other regional languages;
Religion	Secular state; (de facto); State Shinto; Christianity; Islam; Buddhism; Hinduism; Baháʼí Faith; Philippine Folk Religions; (de jure)
Government	Unitary one-party presidential republic under a totalitarian military dictatorship
President
• 1943–1945	José P. Laurel
Military Governor
• 1943–1944	Shigenori Kuroda
• 1944–1945	Tomoyuki Yamashita
Speaker of the National Assembly
• 1943–1944	Benigno S. Aquino
Legislature	National Assembly
Historical era	World War II
• Established	October 14, 1943
• Proclaimed dissolved	August 17, 1945
Currency	Japanese government-issued Philippine peso (₱)
Time zone	UTC+08:00 (PST)
Date format	mm/dd/yyyy; dd-mm-yyyy;
Driving side	left
Preceded by	Succeeded by
	Philippine Executive Commission
Commonwealth of the Philippines
Today part of	Philippines

The Second Philippine Republic, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (Tagalog: Repúbliká ng Pilipinas; Spanish: República de Filipinas; Japanese: フィリピン共和国, Firipin-kyōwakoku) and also known as the Japanese-sponsored Philippine Republic, was a Japanese-backed government established on October 14, 1943 during the Japanese occupation of the islands^[2]

^ Section 60 of the Revised Motor Vehicle Law, Act No. 3992 "Drive on Left Side of Road. — Unless a different cause of action is required in the interest of the safety and security of life, person, or property, or because of unreasonable difficulty of operation in compliance herewith, every person operating a motor vehicle or guiding an animal drawn vehicle on a highway shall pass to the left when meeting persons or vehicles coming toward him, and to the right when overtaking persons or vehicles going the same direction, and, when turning to the right in going from one highway into another, every vehicle shall be conducted to the left of the center of the intersection of the highways."
^ Vellut, J. L. (March 1964). "Foreign Relations of the Second Republic of the Philippines, 1943–1945". Journal of Southeast Asian History. 5 (1): 128. doi:10.1017/S0217781100002246. JSTOR 20067478.

[driving_side_provision-1] Section 60 of the Revised Motor Vehicle Law, Act No. 3992 "Drive on Left Side of Road. — Unless a different cause of action is required in the interest of the safety and security of life, person, or property, or because of unreasonable difficulty of operation in compliance herewith, every person operating a motor vehicle or guiding an animal drawn vehicle on a highway shall pass to the left when meeting persons or vehicles coming toward him, and to the right when overtaking persons or vehicles going the same direction, and, when turning to the right in going from one highway into another, every vehicle shall be conducted to the left of the center of the intersection of the highways."

[2] Vellut, J. L. (March 1964). "Foreign Relations of the Second Republic of the Philippines, 1943–1945". Journal of Southeast Asian History. 5 (1): 128. doi:10.1017/S0217781100002246. JSTOR 20067478.

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